羡余现象的汉日对比研究——以述谓结构为例  

A comparative study of Chinese and Japanese redundancy phenomena:Taking the predication structure for example

作　　者：程莉[1] Cheng Li

机构地区：[1]武汉大学,湖北省武汉市430072

出　　处：《高等日语教育》2024年第2期134-145,180-181,共14页Advanced Japanese Language Education

基　　金：武汉大学自主科研项目(人文社会科学)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：羡余现象普遍存在于各种语言之中,而在不同语言之间或同一语言的不同表达之间,其自然度表现出很大的差异。本文以述谓结构(包含复合词VN)中的羡余表达为例,从语法的角度对汉日语羡余现象进行对比分析,进而总结能解释羡余现象的语法规律。相比之下,日语中有很多可以被接受的表达,而汉语却很少。通过汉日对比实证分析,结果表明:(1)汉日之间存在一定的共通性,当VN为名词性时词化程度很高,V的羡余在汉日语中都相对容易接受。(2)汉日之间的差异性相对较大,带来这一差异的原因包括:汉日语VN在“隐含性”上的特征不同;汉日语VN动词在“不及物性”“离合性”等特征上存在差异;“修饰成分引起的关注点转移”能进一步提升日语羡余表达的自然度。The phenomenon of redundancy is ubiquitous in all kinds of languages,and its degree of naturalness varies significantly across different languages or within diverse expressions of the same language.This paper examines redundancy in predication structures(including compound verb-noun[VN]constructions)as a case study.It compares and analyzes the redundancy phenomenon between Chinese and Japanese from the perspective of grammar,and then summarizes the grammatical rules that account for this phenomenon.Notably,Japanese permits a multitude of acceptable redundant expressions,whereas Chinese allows fewer.Through a comparative empirical analysis between Chinese and Japanese,the results show that:(1)there is a certain commonality in redundancy between Chinese and Japanese:when VN constructions function nominally,the lexicalization degree is high,and the redundancy involving the verb(V)is relatively easily accepted in both languages;(2)the differences between Chinese and Japanese redundancy are substantial,and the reasons for this difference include:variations in the“implicativeness”of Chinese and Japanese VN constructions;differences in the“intransitivity”and“separability”of Chinese and Japanese VN verbs;and discrepancies in whether“changes in focus induced by modification components”enhance the naturalness of redundant expressions in Chinese and Japanese.

关 键 词：羡余现象 汉日对比 述谓结构 语法 

分 类 号：H36[语言文字—日语] H146