我国学前教育资助政策的文本分析——基于“4W”分析框架  

An Analysis of the Policy Texts from the China's Preschool Education Funding Policies:Based on the“4W”Analytical Framework

作　　者：李贞义 雷万鹏[2] LI Zhen-yi;LEI Wan-peng(Faculty of Education,Henan Normal University;College of Education,Central China Normal University)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学教育学部 [2]华中师范大学教育学院

出　　处：《教育经济评论》2024年第6期46-62,共17页China Economics of Education Review

基　　金：研究阐释党的十九届六中全会精神国家社科基金重大项目“推进义务教育均衡发展和城乡一体化研究”(22ZDA095);河南省高校人文社会科学研究一般项目“优质均衡视域下河南省县域义务教育学校合理布局研究”(2025-ZZJH-063)

摘　　要：科学完善的学前教育资助政策体系是满足更多家庭经济困难适龄儿童入园需求的重要制度保障,对于促进社会公平具有重要意义。通过对我国31个省份的44份学前教育资助政策文本进行分析,发现我国学前教育资助政策呈现如下特点:资助对象,以家庭经济困难儿童、孤儿和残疾儿童为重点;资助内容,以专项资助为主,综合性资助为辅;资助方式,以补助为主,减、免为补充;资助主体,以政府资助为主,幼儿园和社会资助为辅。当前,我国学前教育资助政策存在资助对象认定困难、资助范围较小、标准偏低与区域差距较大以及经费保障困难的问题。建立国家幼儿资助制度、明确资助对象与比例、提高资助标准、完善经费分担机制、保障经费来源稳定和可持续是完善我国学前教育资助政策的重要举措。A scientifically sound financial assistance system for preschool education is an important institutional guarantee to meet the admission needs of more economically disadvantaged school-age children from families,and is of great significance for promoting social fairness.The study analyzed 44 preschool education funding policy texts from 31 provinces in China and identified the following characteristics of the preschool education funding policies:Funding targets,the focus is on children from economically disadvantaged families,orphans,and children with disabilities.Funding content,special funding is the primary type,supplemented by comprehensive funding.Funding methods:grants are the main form of support,with reductions and exemptions as supplementary measures.Funding sources:government funding is predominant,with contributions from kindergartens and social organizations as supplementary.Currently,the preschool education funding policies in China face challenges such as difficulties in identifying funding targets,a limited scope of funding,low funding standards with significant regional disparities,and issues with funding guarantees.Key measures to improve preschool education funding policies in China include establishing a national funding system for preschool children,clarifying funding targets and ratios,increasing funding standards,enhancing the cost-sharing mechanism,and ensuring stable and sustainable funding sources.

关 键 词：学前教育资助政策 弱势儿童 教育公平 

分 类 号：G619.20[文化科学—学前教育学]