凯末尔时期土耳其的历史教育与国家认同研究——以中学历史教科书为例  

The Study of Türkiye History Education and National Identity in the Period of Atatürk:A Case Study on Middle School History Textbooks

作　　者：李倩[1] LI Qian

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学历史文化学院,710119

出　　处：《历史教学问题》2025年第1期135-145,176,204,共13页History Research And Teaching

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中东现代民族和国家构建的多维比较研究”(20&ZD240)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在奥斯曼帝国废墟之上建立的土耳其共和国面临的首要问题就是如何在新的国家背景下,将奥斯曼帝国统治下的各个种族的奥斯曼臣民转变为认同土耳其身份的共和国公民。在土耳其国家认同形成的最初及关键时期,历史教育不仅是为了传授知识,更是为了塑造新的国家认同。这一时期的历史教育以中学历史教科书为重要的载体和工具,保存了土耳其人的集体记忆,奠定了土耳其国家认同的历史基础,弘扬了新的土耳其国家精神,发展了世俗化的土耳其国家认同,并深刻影响了土耳其少数民族的国家认同。通过历史教育,凯末尔主义的核心原则得到传播和巩固,土耳其人民的民族自豪感和国家认同感得到显著增强。When the Republic of Tü rkiye was established in 1923 from the ruins of the Ottoman Empire,the first problem it faced was how to transform the Ottoman subjects of all races under the Ottoman Empire into citizens of the Republic with a Turkish identity in the new national context.In the early and crucial period of the formation of Turkish national identity,history education served not only to impart knowledge,but also to shape a new national identity.History education in this period,with middle school history textbooks an important carrier and tool,preserved the collective memory of the Turkish people,laid the historical foundation of the Turkish national identity,carried forward the new Turkish national spirit,developed,secularized and profoundly affected the national identity of the Turkish minorities.Through historical education,the core principles of Kemalism were disseminated and consolidated,and the Turkish people's national pride and national identity were significantly enhanced.

关 键 词：土耳其 历史教育 历史教科书 国家认同 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]