天人合一与神人合一并行论——中国哲学起源新探  

The Unity of Tian and Man and the Unity of Gods and Man as Parallel Concepts:A New Exploration of the Origin of Chinese Philosophy

作　　者：郭沂 Guo Yi

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学孔子文化研究院,曲阜273165 [2]韩国首尔大学哲学系

出　　处：《四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期39-53,230,231,共17页Journal of Sichuan University:Philosophy and Social Science Edition

摘　　要：作为学术界的主流观点,中国哲学起源于宗教、诸子时期哲学的天人合一源自西周时期宗教的天人合一等论断,是在西方中心论的影响下提出来的,仍有商榷的余地。中国早期思想是沿着人道、天道和神道三个路向而展开的。在三者的相互作用和相互整合中,逐渐形成了天人合一与神人合一两种思想形态。探索连接天道中神秘力量与人之间通道的脚步构成了天人合一系统,而探索连接神道中神秘力量与人之间通道的踪迹则造就了神人合一系统。前者以早期易道观为主流,后者以早期天命观为代表。河北省磁县下潘汪遗址仰韶文化层、山东省泰安市大汶口墓地、安徽省含山县长岗乡凌家滩村新石器时代古墓等各种考古发现和传世文献表明,自发性天人合一系统与自发性神人合一系统都可追溯到新石器时代。因此,发轫于远古的人道观、天道观和神道观都是中国哲学的源头,而宗教仅居其一。至于自发性天人合一系统与自发性神人合一系统,则成为中国哲学范式的雏形。Since the beginning of the twentieth century,it has been a consensus in academia that Chinese philosophy originated from religion and formed during the era of contention among various masters.In this century,Yu Dunkang and Yu Ying-shih have successively provided new evidence for this view,believing that there were two forms of unity of tian and man in the pre-Qin period:one is religious unity of tian and man,and the other philosophical unity of tian and man.The former was seen in Western Zhou Dynasty,while the latter was achieved by various masters.This view is a product of Western-centric perspective,with room for debate.The thought in early China developed along three paths:human-centered views,tian-centered views,and gods-centered views.Human-centered views emerged alongside humanity itself,while tian-centered views and gods-centered views began in ancient times.Through their interaction and integration with each other,two forms of spontaneous unity of tian and man as well as spontaneous unity of gods and man gradually formed.The former was mainly represented by early yi dao(the way of yi)views while the latter was exemplified by early tianming(the command of Heaven)views.Yi dao originated from divination,and divination is a cultural phenomenon that predicts good and bad fortunes by exploring natural laws and trends in the development of things.It belongs to the category of tian-centered views,so yin yang and eight trigrams are not actually the means of obtaining divine inspiration,but rather the tian-centered views dressed in religious clothing.As for the era when yi dao was formed,the Book of Han says that“Yi Jing was compiled by three sages,across three ancient periods.”However,Liang Qichao believed that the two words yin and yang were“nothing more than a superficial phenomenon in nature”before the era of various masters,and it was not until the time of Laozi that they acquired profound meaning.However,archaeological discoveries,such as the painted red pottery bowl unearthed from the Yangshao cultur

关 键 词：天人合一 神人合一 天道 神道 易道 中国哲学 

分 类 号：B21[哲学宗教—中国哲学]