教师工作时间与职业幸福感的关系:理论变迁与经验数据分析  

Relationship between Teachers'Working Hours and Occupational Well-Being:Theoretical Changes and Data Analysis

作　　者：张毓洁 丁笑炯[1] ZHANG Yujie;DING Xiaojiong(Research Institute for International and Comparative Education,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学国际与比较教育研究院,上海200234

出　　处：《比较教育学报》2025年第2期133-145,共13页Journal of Comparative Education

摘　　要：从存在主义心理学和积极心理学出发建构分析框架,运用TALIS 2018的国际调查数据,可以发现:教师工作时间与存在主义心理学视角下的职业幸福感负相关,但与积极心理学视角下的职业幸福感显示出一定程度的正相关。此外,积极心理学下教师的职业幸福感体现出低工作满意度、高自我实现式幸福感的积极与消极情感辩证共生状态。造成这种现象的原因是,工作时间长虽然给教师带来工作压力,但随着教师自我价值与职业价值不断契合,在工作中能获得更多的自我实现,且由此而来的积极感受减轻了长时间工作对职业幸福感的负面影响。基于此,当教师外部工作条件难以在短期内改善时,可通过职前和职后培训,帮助教师调整心态,直面工作中积极与消极情感辩证共生的现实;教师也可以不断提高自我价值与职业价值的契合度,以提高职业幸福感。By constructing an analytical framework based on existential and positive psychology,and using the data of TALIS 2018,it is found that teachers'working hours are negatively correlated with occupational well-being from the perspective of existential psychology,but positively correlated with occupational well-being from the perspective of positive psychology to a certain extent.In addition,teachers'occupational well-being under positive psychology reflects the dialectical symbiosis of positive and negative emotions with low job satisfaction and high eudaimonic well-being.The reason for this phenomenon lies in that,although long working hours bring work stress to teachers,with the matching of self-value and professional value,teachers can perceive more self-realization in work,which result in positive feelings mitigating the negative impact of long working hours on occupational well-being.Based on this findings,when teachers'external working conditions(such as long working hours and high work stress)are difficult to be improved in a short period of time,pre-service and post-service training can help teachers adjust their mentality and face the reality of dialectical symbiosis between positive and negative emotions in work.Teachers can also continuously improve the compatibility between self-value and professional value,so as to improve occupational well-being.

关 键 词：工作时间 职业幸福感 积极心理学 存在主义心理学 

分 类 号：G4[文化科学—教育学]