超越二元之争:现代灾害风险科学研究的逻辑进路及转向  

Beyond the Dualistic Debate:The Logical Approach and Direction of Modern Disaster Risk Science Research

作　　者：王超 WANG Chao(School of Public Policy&Management School of Emergency Management,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 211116,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学公共管理学院(应急管理学院),江苏徐州211116

出　　处：《灾害学》2025年第2期61-64,76,共5页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“数智驱动的城市地下空间突发事件应急协同机制研究”(23YJC630173);江苏省社会科学基金课题“长三角公共卫生应急物资保障一体化协同体系构建研究”(23GLC006);国家社科基金重大项目“新时代公共安全应急框架体系研究”(23ZDA117);国家社科基金重点项目“加强国家城市地下空间应急管理体系和能力建设研究”(22AZD086)。

摘　　要：认识与建构具有高度复杂性与不确定性特征的现代灾害风险的话语体系是建立在二元论的基础之上,但这种传统不利于理解灾害中事实与价值的统一。该文通过提出“概念化-工具化-实操化”的逻辑进路,阐释了客观实在论与社会建构论在风险认知、风险分析与风险决策方面的争论,主张以二重性取代并超越传统二元论。研究结果表明,风险认知上,强调灾害风险客观实在性与社会建构性的辩证统一;风险分析上,应综合客观灾害风险评估与主观感知;风险决策上,要根植于复合治理情景,利用科学理性和经验材料等混合证据进行整体抉择。为灾害风险科学研究提供了整合性视角,对于应对风险社会的复杂性挑战与推动现代灾害风险治理的理论创新具有一定借鉴价值。The discourse system for understanding and constructing modern disaster risks with high complexity and uncertainty is based on dualism,which is not conducive to understanding the inherent unity of facts and values in disaster events.By extracting the logical approach of“conceptualization instrumentalization operability”followed by modern disas⁃ter risk science research,the inherent debates between objective realism and social constructionism in risk cognition,risk analysis,and risk decision-making are explained,and the idea of replacing and surpassing traditional dualism with duality is proposed.Research suggests that in risk perception,emphasis should be placed on the dialectical unity of the objective reality and social constructiveness of disaster risks;In risk analysis,attention should be paid to the comprehensive analysis and judgment of objective disaster risk assessment and subjective disaster risk perception;In risk decision-making,it is necessary to be rooted in composite governance scenarios and use a mixture of scientific rationality and empirical materials to make overall decisions.An integrated perspective for the cognitive shift in modern disaster risk science research is provided,bearing certain reference value for facing the challenges of complexity in risk society and promoting theoretical innovation in modern disaster risk governance.

关 键 词：灾害风险 二重性 客观实在性 社会建构性 逻辑进路 

分 类 号：C91-06[经济管理] X43[社会学] X915.5[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]