越南语中的汉越词翻译问题  

作　　者：罗文青 黄惠文 

机构地区：[1]四川外国语大学东方语学院,重庆400031

出　　处：《翻译研究与教学》2019年第1期131-141,共11页Translation Research and Teaching

基　　金：重庆市高校国际化人文特色(非通用语)项目资助

摘　　要：越南语中的汉越词比例高达60-70%,是越南语词汇系统中不可或缺的部分。本文主要讨论汉越词翻译成汉语的问题,我们认为最重要的是对词义的理解和使用。与借用的汉语词义相比,有两类汉越词翻译时需特别注意:29%同中有异和6%词义完全改变的汉越词。汉越词虽源自汉语汉字,但它不仅仅是直接借用汉语词汇的读音,还在词义上根据越南人的思维习惯进行了没有规律的调整。作为中国人,我们在翻译汉越词时具有极大的优势,但也往往因受汉语思维影响而对一些词义、词形发生变化的汉越词做出错误的翻译。因此,我们翻译汉越词需认真分析语境,结合整句、整段乃至整篇文章理解词义,同时要了解越南的社会文化和越南人的思维方式,结合汉语的习惯表达,反复推敲润色,方能确保翻译的准确性。There are 60%-70% Sino-Vietnamese words in Vietnamese, which is an indispensable part of the Vietnamese vocabulary system. This paper mainly discusses an issue on Sino-Vietnamese words that are translated into Chinese. We deem that the most important thing is the understanding and use of the meaning of Sino-Vietnamese words. Compared with the meaning of borrowed Chinese words, we found that 29% of the meanings of SinoVietnamese words have both similarities and differences, and 6% of them have completely changed. When translating these two kinds of Sino-Vietnamese words we should pay special attention. Although Sino-Vietnamese words originated from Chinese, it not only borrowed the pronunciation of Chinese vocabulary directly, but also made irregular adjustments based on the Vietnamese’s habits of thought. As a Chinese, we have the advantage over translating SinoVietnamese words. Also, we often make mistakes on some Sino-Vietnamese whose meanings and words have changed that are influenced by Chinese thinking. Therefore, when translating Sino-Vietnamese words into Chinese, we must carefully analyze the context, combine the whole sentence and the whole paragraph even the whole article to understand the meaning of words. At the same time, we must understand the social culture of Vietnam and the way of thinking of Vietnamese, combine the habit of expression of Chinese to ponder and polish over and over again. Only in this way can we ensure the accuracy of the translation.

关 键 词：越南语 汉越词 翻译 词义 语境 

分 类 号：H44[语言文字]