从“难为”到“能为”:校园欺凌中班主任之困与可能突破  

Dilemma and Possible Breakthrough of Class Teachers in Responding to Campus Bullying:From Incapability to Capability

作　　者：孟维杰 范琳琳 MENG Weijie;FAN Linlin(School of Education,Ludong University,Yantai 264025,China;School of Marxism,Shandong Technology and Business University,Yantai 264005,China)

机构地区：[1]鲁东大学教育学院,山东烟台264025 [2]山东工商学院马克思主义学院,山东烟台264005

出　　处：《宁波大学学报(教育科学版)》2025年第2期59-69,共11页Journal of Ningbo University(Educational Science Edition)

基　　金：山东省社会科学规划专项项目“校园‘新街角青年’浮现逻辑与预警机制和转化路径构建研究”(23CSZJ44);山东省教育科学规划重点课题“行走在边缘:社会变迁中校园‘新街角青年’群体生成、评估与预警机制研究”(2023ZD062)。

摘　　要：校园欺凌已经成为全球性的校园问题。班主任作为我国学校教育的重要力量,应在应对校园欺凌中发挥关键作用。然而,随着教育环境的改变,班主任却在校园欺凌治理中日益陷入“难为”的困境,理论和实践之间的张力使班主任在应对校园欺凌时无所适从。教师惩戒权的慎用与误用问题,使班主任在处理相关事件时陷入谨慎与尴尬的两难境地。此外,班主任在构建无欺凌班级方面的能力不足,其主体责任的厘定缺少来自法律的支持,同时在反校园欺凌共同体中存在缺位现象。在新的时代语境下,不但需要进一步建设和完善法律法规体系,为班主任应对校园欺凌提供保障,而且需要从法理层面精准厘定班主任的主体责任,并通过全面、科学和专业的培训体系,提升班主任反欺凌能力。唯有如此,才能赋能班主任在校园欺凌中从“难为”转向“能为”,使其在应对校园欺凌中发挥应有的作用。Campus bullying has become a global issue that class teachers have found themselves increasingly difficult to handle with the changes of times.Class teachers,being at a loss in the tug-of-war between theory and practice,are stuck in the dilemma of dealing with campus bullying,and deeply caught in caution and embarrassment over the use of teachers’disciplinary power.Meanwhile,problems exist such as class teachers’inability to build bully-free classes and law-based responsibilities,and absence in the campus bullying combat community.This study thus proposed that it is necessary to perfect the legal and regulatory system to provide guarantees for head teachers to respond to campus bullying,to accurately define the subjective legal responsibilities,and to enhance anti-bullying capabilities through comprehensive,scientific,and professional training in the new era.Only in this way can we guide head teachers to shift from being unable to act responsively in dealing with campus bullying.

关 键 词：校园欺凌 反欺凌共同体 班主任 惩戒权 主体责任 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]