家庭资本对子女高等教育机会的影响机制探究——基于制度性学校质量与自致性教育期望视角  

An Exploration of the Mechanisms of Family Capitals'Impact on the Access to Higher Education--Based on the Perspectives of Institutional School Quality and the Self-induced Educational Expectation

作　　者：李广平 陈武元 李道政 LI Guangping;CHEN Wuyuan;LI Daozheng(Institute of Education,Center of Teacher Development,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学教育研究院,厦门361005 [2]厦门大学教师发展中心

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2025年第5期9-18,27,共11页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：厦门大学妇女/性别研究与培训基地2020年度项目“家庭资本对女性高等教育入学机会的影响”(2020FNJD02);2022年国家社科基金后期资助一般项目“教育公平与共同富裕研究:家庭教育期望的研究视角”(22FJKB002)的部分成果。

摘　　要：本文基于2010-2020年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据和半结构化访谈,研究家庭资本对子女高等教育机会获得的影响机制。研究发现:家庭资本对机会获得数量和质量都具有显著影响,并且在重点高中学校依然保持着资本优势影响机会获得质量。教育期望和重点高中在家庭资本对机会获得的影响关系中起到了中介作用,其中教育期望的中介作用大于重点高中,而这一传导机制实现的现实基础正是基于家庭资本作用于机会获得表现出的物质支持、动力支持和规则掌握三种行动方式。为此,要尽快加强政府对弱势家庭的帮扶力度、打破教育进阶中的马太效应和促进个体形成积极的教育期望。Based on the data from the 2010-2020 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)and semi-structured interviews,this paper investigates the mechanisms of how family capitals affect the access to higher education for children.Family capitals have a significant effect on both the quantity and quality of access to opportunity and remain the capital advantage affecting the quality access to opportunity in key high schools.The educational expectation and the key high schools serve as mediators in the effect of family capitals on the access to opportunity,with the mediating effect of the educational expectation being more significant than that of key high schools.The real basis for the realization of this transmission mechanism lies in the fact that the role of family capitals in access to opportunities manifest through three pathways:material support,motivational support,and mastery of rules.The study suggests that it is imperative to strengthen the government support for disadvantaged families,break the Matthew effect in educational progression,and encourage the formation of the positive educational expectation.

关 键 词：家庭资本 学校质量 教育期望 高等教育机会 

分 类 号：G521[文化科学—教育学] G40-052[文化科学—教育技术学]