非正式创新如何突破约束实现组织创新成果转化--基于创造力约束和创新多阶段视角的扎根研究  

How Does Informal Innovation Break through Constraints and Transform into Organizational Innovation Achievements:A Grounded Research Linking Constraints on Creativity and Multi-stage of Innovation

作　　者：赵旭宏 张鹏程[1] 赵书松[2] 刘明伟 Zhao Xuhong;Zhang Pengcheng;Zhao Shusong;LiuMingwei(School of Management,Huazhong University of Science and Technology;School of Public Administration,Central South University;School of Public Administration,Central China Normal University)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学管理学院 [2]中南大学公共管理学院 [3]华中师范大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《南开管理评论》2025年第3期185-196,208,共13页Nankai Business Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72072066);国家自然科学基金重点项目(72432003);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(21JZD056)资助。

摘　　要：组织创新除了源于正式规划,也有不少源于员工非正式创新实践。因此,员工如何突破约束、实现自主创意到创新成果的实质性跨越,是当前理论界与实践界共同关注的重要问题。本研究从创新约束的视角,整合创新发展多阶段理论的主要观点,运用扎根理论研究方法中规范的译码程序,对三家企业进行剖析,构建了非正式创新发展阶段的整体模型。研究发现,非正式创新发展在产生、细化、支持、实践阶段会面临不同的挑战,员工需要识别每个阶段最关键的约束情境,激活突破动机并采取相应策略,才能有效推进创新发展进程。本研究在理论上厘清了非正式创新的概念内涵和轨道边界,揭示了员工自主创意向组织创新成果涌现的过程黑箱,并在实践层面为激发员工自主创新活力提供了有益的管理启示。In the new era,China has achieved a remarkable transformation from follower to leader in global innovation,emerging as one of the most innovative nations with immense potential.Talent is recognized as the primary element and core resource for innovative development,serving as the cornerstone for national progress and the rejuvenation of the nation.It is also crucial for organizations to maintain competitiveness and sustain prosperity.To foster innovative outcomes,organizations have developed comprehensive innovation strategies and plans to provide material support and motivational incentives for their workforce.However,these structured environments often impose constraints on individual creativity through rules,resources,and timelines.This organizational pressure has given rise to an“underground”innovation ecosystem within companies,characterized by employee-driven,bottom-up initiatives that operate outside formal channels.Many innovative achievements within organizations originate from informal innovation practices rather than pre-planned strategies.A notable example is the development of Sogou Browser,which emerged from such informal innovation efforts,highlighting the significant value that can be derived from informal processes within formal frameworks.Compared to formal innovation,informal innovation offers the advantage of delayed disclosure,mitigating the risk of premature exposure of immature ideas but simultaneously facing greater limitations in terms of resources,power,and regulatory structures,thus hindering the advancement and realization of creative ideas.The central question this study addresses is how employees navigate these underground innovation worlds to break through constraints and ultimately contribute to organizational innovation.Scholars categorize innovation into formal and informal types based on whether the innovation project has received formal management approval and whether it involves role-prescribed behaviors.Unlike formal innovation,informal innovation refers to the process th

关 键 词：非正式创新 创新多阶段理论 创造力约束 扎根理论 

分 类 号：F273.1[经济管理—企业管理]