论证还是叙事?——论小学道德与法治统编教材的文体选择  

Argument or Narrative:On the Stylistic Choice of Primary School Morality and Rule of Law Textbook

作　　者：高德胜[1] Gao Desheng

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学课程与教学研究所,上海200062

出　　处：《课程.教材.教法》2025年第3期88-96,共9页Curriculum,Teaching Material and Method

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地2022年度重大项目“我国基础教育课程改革根本问题的理论反思”(22JJD880025)。

摘　　要：小学道德与法治统编教材的文体选择是一个未被注意到的教育问题。长久以来,小学德育教材的文体都是论证性的。由此造就了小学德育教材论证文体的“思维定式”,小学德育教材中的正文如果不是观点性的,教材的编写者、审查者、使用者就会下意识地认为不正常。论证文体确有其优势,但毋庸讳言,小学德育教材被论证文体支配、主导所导致的问题不少。在小学道德与法治统编教材的研发过程中,编写组尝试引入叙事文体,效果良好,但遇到的质疑与挑战也非常大。文体选择不能只靠因袭固有做法,不能只靠成年人的偏好,而应依据道德教育的性质、儿童道德学习的特性来决定。当然,小学道德与法治统编教材的文体选择,不是一个二选一的问题,而是一个以谁为主的问题,“叙事为主,论证为辅”是值得继续坚持的正确选择。The stylistic choice of primary school morality and rule of law textbook is an unnoticed educational problem.For a long time,the style of primary school moral education textbooks has been argumentative.This has created a stereotype of the argumentative style of the textbooks,and the compilers,reviewers and users of the textbooks will find it abnormal if the text is not opinionated.Argumentative style has its advantages,but the textbooks will have many problems with the domination of it.In the development of unified primary school morality and rule of law textbook,we tried to introduce narrative genre,which worked well,but faced a lot of skepticism and challenge.The choice should not be based solely on inherited practice or adult preference,but on the nature of moral education and the characteristics of children's moral learning.Of course,the choice is not a matter of choosing,but which predominates.Narrative domination supplemented by argument is the right choice.

关 键 词：小学道德与法治统编教材 叙事 论证 文体选择 德育 

分 类 号：G423.04[文化科学—课程与教学论]