科学教育中概念转变之理论观点、代表模型与实施路径:以物理学科为例  

Theoretical perspectives,representative models,and implementation paths of conceptual change in science education:a case study of physics

作　　者：陈梦寒 尹迪 于洋 赵赛男 王晶莹 CHEN Menghan;YIN Di;YU Yang;ZHAO Sainan;WANG Jingying(Education Department of Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875;Huixing Campus of Guanzhuang Branch of Beijing No.80 Middle School,Beijing 100024;Beijing Bayi School,Beijing 100080)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875 [2]北京市第八十中学管庄分校汇星校区,北京100024 [3]北京市八一学校,北京100080

出　　处：《首都师范大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期68-74,90,共8页Journal of Capital Normal University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：北京市八一学校教师专业发展项目(2212000275)。

摘　　要：2022年版义务教育科学和物理课程标准,提出重视概念的建构过程,促进学生对抽象概念的理解。学习者的物理前概念通常具有固化、隐蔽和难以改变等特征,想要形成科学的物理观念尤为困难,物理教学常常是帮助学习者改变其错误前概念从而实现概念转变。本研究首先阐述概念转变的理论观点,从错误概念、概念分类和非概念转变理论3个方面来深度剖析;进一步指出概念转变的3个典型模型,即概念转变模型、认知重构知识模型和概念转变动态模型;最后提出设计反驳文本、提供属性教学、计算机科学建模、精准呈现资料和激发认知动机等概念转变的物理教学策略。The 2022 edition of the compulsory education science and physics curriculum standards emphasizes the process of constructing concepts and promotes students’understanding of abstract concepts.Learners’preconceptions in physics often have characteristics such as solidification,concealment,and difficulty in changing.It is particularly difficult to form a scientific concept of physics,and physics teaching often helps learners change their erroneous preconceptions to achieve conceptual change.This study first elaborates on the theoretical perspective of conceptual change,and conducts a deep analysis from three categories of erroneous concepts,conceptual classification theory,and non conceptual change theory.Further pointing out the three typical models of conceptual change,namely conceptual change model,cognitive reconstruction knowledge model,and dynamic model of conceptual change.Finally,a physics teaching strategy for conceptual change is proposed,including designing refutation texts,providing attribute teaching,computer science modeling,accurately presenting data,and consolidating cognitive motivation.

关 键 词：概念转变 科学教育 物理 前概念 错误概念 

分 类 号：G632.0[文化科学—教育学]