粮饲兼用型玉米后熟过程营养成分的变化规律研究  

Study on changes in nutrient composition during post ripening process of feed and grain dual use corn

作　　者：李姝璇 任善茂[1] 殷洁鑫 王丽 LI Shuxuan;REN Shanmao;YIN Jiexin;WANG Li

机构地区：[1]江苏农牧科技职业学院,江苏泰州225300

出　　处：《饲料研究》2025年第4期114-118,共5页Feed Research

基　　金：江苏农牧科技职业学院校级科研项目(项目编号:NSF2022CB16)。

摘　　要：试验旨在研究粮饲兼用型玉米后熟过程营养成分的变化规律。以蜡熟期收获的高产玉米品种苏玉29号作为试验材料,测定不同储存天数(0、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45 d)玉米籽粒的失水率、发芽率、发芽势、直链淀粉、支链淀粉、总淀粉、总淀粉酶、α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶、抗性淀粉、可溶性戊聚糖的动态变化,明确玉米后熟期的营养特性并确定最佳饲用阶段。结果显示,玉米籽粒失水率在20 d后趋于平稳,波动范围为25.10%~27.01%;发芽势和发芽率随后熟进程呈上升趋势,45 d完成种子后熟。第20天后,直链淀粉含量为232.05~270.17 mg/g,支链淀粉含量在第15天达到最大值(621.10 mg/g),后降至391.95 mg/g并趋于稳定,支直比下降主要受支链淀粉减少驱动。抗性淀粉含量在63.15~80.21 mg/g间波动;可溶性戊聚糖含量在20~35 d较高,最高达0.70 g/100 g,此阶段饲料消化率受到抑制,不宜直接饲喂。研究表明,玉米收获后贮存5~15 d期间,营养成分稳定,抗营养因子含量低,为最佳饲用窗口期,可兼顾饲料营养价值及贮存成本。The experiment aimed to investigate the changes in nutritional components during the post ripening process of feed and grain dual use corn.The high-yielding corn variety,Suyu No.29,harvested at the wax ripening stage,was used as the experimental material.The study measured the dynamic changes in water loss rate,germination rate,germination potential,linear starch,branched starch,total starch,total amylase,α-amylase,β-amylase,resistant starch,and soluble pentosan in corn kernels stored for different numbers of days(0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45 days)to clarify the nutritional characteristics of corn during the post ripening process and determine the optimal stage for feed use.The results showed that the water loss rate of corn kernels remained stable after 20 days,with fluctuations ranging from 25.10%to 27.01%.Germination potential and germination rate increased with the post ripening process,and the seeds mature after 45 days.The content of amylose fluctuates within the range of 232.05~270.17 mg/g after 20 days,while the content of amylopectin reached its maximum value of 621.10 mg/g after 15 days,and then decreased to 391.95 mg/g before stabilizing.The decline in the amylopectin-to-amylose ratio was mainly driven by the reduction in amylopectin.The content of resistant starch fluctuates within the range of 63.15~80.21 mg/g.The content of soluble pentosan was relatively high between 20 and 35 days,reaching up to 0.70 g/100 g,which affects the digestibility of feed and was not suitable for feeding animals during this period.The study inndicates that during the storage period of 5 to 15 days after harvesting,the nutritional components of corn are stable and the content of anti-nutritional factors is low.This period is considered the optimal window for feed use,can take into account the nutritional value and storage cost of feed.

关 键 词：玉米 后熟 储存时间 抗性淀粉 戊聚糖 淀粉酶 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]