车辆油气悬架技术研究综述  

Review of Research on Vehicle Hydro-Pneumatic Suspension Technology

作　　者：刘秀梅[1] 李永涛 LIU Xiumei;LI Yongtao(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学机电工程学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《西南交通大学学报》2025年第2期374-394,共21页Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51875559)。

摘　　要：油气悬架具有缓冲减振、车身姿态调整等功能,其结构复杂、压力冲击大、耐磨性与密封性要求高.优良的悬架油缸结构、油气悬架系统及控制方法是决定车辆行驶性能的重要条件.从悬架结构、工作特性与控制方式等方面系统阐述了油气悬架的构成型式,归纳总结油气悬架的分类与原理;基于悬架可控制性角度,从油气悬架的结构设计与优化、数学建模、控制算法与策略等方面论述油气悬架技术,分析现有结构的特点与不足后得出:被动悬架结构简单、技术成熟,但缺乏自适应性;半主动悬架能耗小、成本较低、响应快、可靠性高,但自适应性有限;主动悬架性能优良,但能耗大、成本高、系统结构与控制策略复杂.总结与展望3种悬架的发展现状和研究方向,为车辆油气悬架设计与控制方法的深入研究和发展提供参考.The hydro-pneumatic suspension has the functions of cushioning and damping,body attitude adjustment,etc.,but its structure is complex,with large pressure impact and high wear resistance and sealing.The excellent suspension cylinder structure,hydro-pneumatic suspension system,and control method are the important conditions to determine the driving performance of the vehicle.The type of hydro-pneumatic suspension was analyzed,and the classification and principle of hydro-pneumatic suspension were summarized from the aspects of suspension structure,working characteristics,and control mode.From the perspective of suspension controllability,the hydro-pneumatic suspension technology was discussed in terms of structural design and optimization of hydro-pneumatic suspension,mathematical modelling,and control algorithm and strategy.By analyzing the characteristics and shortcomings of existing structures,it is concluded that passive suspension is simple in structure and mature in technology,but it lacks adaptability.The semi-active suspension has low energy consumption,low cost,fast response,and high reliability,but its adaptability is limited.Active suspension has excellent performance,but it has high energy consumption,high cost,and complex system structure and control strategy.The development status and research direction of the three types of suspension were summarized and prospected,so as to provide a reference for the further research and development of vehicle hydro-pneumatic suspension design and control methods.

关 键 词：油气悬架 缓冲减振 被动悬架 半主动悬架 主动悬架 

分 类 号：TH137[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] U463.33[机械工程—车辆工程]