中小学校德育实践的优绩主义困境——基于2012—2023年相关文献的系统性回顾与评述  

The Meritocratic Dilemma of Moral Education Practices in Primary and Secondarg Schools:A Systematic Review(2012-2023)

作　　者：吴希 彭筱 张雅楠 WU Xi;PENG Xiao;ZHANG Yanan

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学教育学院,上海200233 [2]广州市越秀区教育局,广州510030 [3]中国人民大学教育学院,北京100872

出　　处：《中国人民大学教育学刊》2025年第2期126-137,共12页Renmin University of China Education Journal

基　　金：2022年度国家社会科学基金教育学国家青年项目“新时代德育课程实践的话语建构与重构研究”(项目编号:CEA220277)的研究成果。

摘　　要：自2012年以来,我国学校道德教育实践领域的文献反映出学校德育实践在不同维度上面临的现实挑战。从外部环境看,信息化与大数据的到来、家庭养育观念的变化以及乡村现代化转型等因素,都给学校德育实践带来了新的考验。从教育系统内部看,学校德育制度的管理主义、德育课程和教学的知识中心化、德育教师的德育动机不足和德育评估中的功利化现象依然显著。表象之下,实为学校管理主义、教师与学生受优绩话语主导,难以摆脱用分数和荣誉自证的德育评价体系。教育者有必要在行动中反思并拆解教育实践与教育理论间的因果关系和将教育实践视为技术手段的两点假设,回归学校德育的本质。The literature on moral education practice in Chinese schools since 2012 is thoroughly reviewed in this paper.The review illustrates the various practical difficulties encountered with moral education in schools from a variety of angles.Externally,it faces challenges and risks brought on by the advancement of information technology and artificial intelligence,the COVID-19 epidemic,modifications in parenting practices,and the modernization of rural areas.Significant internal problems also exist,such as managerialism in school moral education leadership,the knowledge-centered emphasis in moral curriculum and instruction,the lack of adequate competency of the moral education teachers,and the utilitarianism in the moral education assessment.Notably,the education system has been profoundly infiltrated by a culture that places a strong emphasis on academic performance and interpersonal competition,locking school officials,teachers,and students in a cycle of validation through scores and awards,ultimately marginalizing the original goal of moral education in schools.To get back to the core of school moral education,reflexivity is significant to educators.We should deconstruct the cause-and-effect link between educational practice and theory,and reject the assumption that educational practice is merely a technical means.

关 键 词：道德教育 学校德育 文献综述 优绩主义 

分 类 号：G416[文化科学—教育学]