迈向共同富裕:职业教育何以阻隔相对贫困的代际传递  

Toward Common Prosperity for All:How Vocational Education Prevents the Intergenerational Transmission of Relative Poverty

作　　者：候玉娜 张御龙 Hou Yuna;Zhang Yulong(Faculty of Education,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715;Center for Studies of Education and Psychology of Ethnic Minorities in Southwest China,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715)

机构地区：[1]西南大学教育学部,重庆400715 [2]西南民族教育与心理研究中心,重庆400715

出　　处：《教育研究》2025年第3期132-145,共14页Educational Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2022年度教育学一般项目“技能型社会职业教育助推共同富裕的长效机制研究”(编号:BFA220173)的研究成果。

摘　　要：职业教育既是我国高质量教育体系的重要组成部分,也是实现共同富裕的重要抓手。利用2007年、2013年和2018年中国家庭收入调查数据,评估职业教育阻隔相对贫困代际传递的因果效应。研究发现,中等和高等职业教育在阻隔相对贫困代际传递方面均具有比较优势。中等职业教育主要通过“学历提升”路径实现代际减贫效应,高等职业教育通过“学历提升”及“类型属性”双重路径实现代际减贫效应。职业教育阻隔相对贫困代际传递的效应在我国农业户籍群体及中、东部地区更为明显,且“学历提升”路径效应随时代发展不断增强“,类型属性”路径效应则不断减弱。为此,应着力构建职业教育促进代际减贫、巩固脱贫攻坚成果的长效战略机制:将中等职业教育作为高质量普及高中教育着力点,充分发挥中等职业教育促进共同富裕的“社会兜底”作用;强调职业教育“类型属性”优势,充分发挥高等职业教育促进共同富裕的提质增效作用;持续加强职业教育的差异性和针对性资源配置,力争补齐职业教育代际减贫效应短板。Vocational education is not only an important part of China's high-quality education system,but also an important means to achieve common prosperity for all.Based on the Chinese Household Income Project Survey data from 2007,2013 and 2018,this study evaluates the causal effect of vocational education on the prevention of the intergenerational transmission of relative poverty.The findings reveal the following:Both secondary vocational education and higher vocational education had comparative advantages in the prevention of the intergenerational transmission of relative poverty;secondary vocational education mainly achieved the effect of intergenerational poverty reduction by means of"upgrading educational backgrounds,"and higher vocational education did this by means of both"upgrading educational backgrounds"and developing vocational skills according to the"attribute of the type"of vocational education;there was a more significant effect of vocational education on the prevention of the intergenerational transmission of relative poverty in the group with agricultural household registrations and in central and eastern China;and the effect of"upgrading educational backgrounds"increased with the advancement of the times,whereas the effect of developing vocational skills according to the"attribute of the type"of vocational education weakened.Therefore,we need to establish a long-term strategic mechanism for vocational education to push forward intergenerational poverty reduction and consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation.Specifically,we need to treat secondary vocational education as the focus point for popularizing high-quality senior high school education,and make secondary vocational education completely play its role as a"basic safety net for social support"in promoting common prosperity for all;highlight the advantages of the"attribute of the type"of vocational education,and make higher vocational education completely play its role in raising its quality and efficiency to promote common prosperity for

关 键 词：职业教育 相对贫困 代际传递 因果效应 

分 类 号：G710[文化科学—职业技术教育学] G719.2[文化科学—教育学]