我国师德规范体系的法治化建构  

The Law-Based Construction of China's System for Teachers'Ethical Standards

作　　者：李红勃 Li Hongbo(School of Law-Based Government,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法治政府研究院,北京100088

出　　处：《教育研究》2025年第3期146-159,共14页Educational Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2022年度法学类一般项目“教育法典编纂的基本理论问题研究”(编号:22BFX171)的研究成果。

摘　　要：师德师风不仅是一个道德问题,也是一个法律问题。随着教师职业的专业化转型以及新形势下师德领域出现的新问题,法律介入师德治理具有可行性、必要性和必然性。当前,我国师德师风治理模式呈现出“教化主义”和“政策主导”的特征,师德治理规范体系存在诸多问题和不足,表现为师德规范的约束对象和行为边界不明确、教师行为规范的实体性内容不完备、师德违规处理机制不完善、被惩戒教师的救济机制不充足等问题,影响了师德治理的正当性和实效性。在教育强国建设和全面依法治教的新时期,师德治理需要运用法治思维,在法治的轨道上运行,实现从“政策型治理”向“法治化治理”的转型。良法是善治的前提。在师德规范体系法治化建构中,需要科学界定师德规范的适用对象与调整范围,明确教师行为准则的实体规范及其惩戒措施,完善师德违规调查处理机制,健全教师违规处理的事后救济机制。通过科学完备的师德规范体系与实施机制,全面提升师德治理法治化水平,培育师德高尚的专业化教师队伍,为加快教育现代化、建成教育强国提供有力支撑。Teachers'professional ethics and work styles remain not only a moral issue,but also a legal issue.With the professional transformation of teachers'profession and the emergence of new problems in teachers'ethics under new situations,legal intervention in the governance of teachers'ethics is feasible,necessary and inevitable.At present,the mode for the governance of teachers'professional ethics and work styles in China features"educationalism"and"policy orientation,"and there are problems in the system of teachers'ethical standards,such as unclear boundaries for applicable educators and their behaviors,incomplete substantive norms for teachers'behaviors,imperfect mechanisms for handling teachers'ethical violations,and inadequate mechanisms for the relief of disciplined teachers,and these problems affect the legitimate and effective governance of teachers'ethics.In the new era,when we are building a powerful country in education and governing education on all fronts according to law,we need to govern teachers'ethics based on law-based thinking,and shift from"policy-oriented governance"to"law-based governance."A good law is the precondition of good governance.In the law-based construction of the system for teachers'ethical standards,we need to scientifically define the boundary for educators applicable to teachers'ethical standards,clarify the substantive norms and disciplinary measures for teachers'ethical behavior,improve the mechanism for the investigation into and the handling of teachers'ethical violations,and consummate the mechanism for the relief of teachers in handling their ethical violations;and by establishing a scientific and complete system and a mechanism of implementation for teachers'ethical standards,improve the law-based governance of teacher's ethics on all fronts,and cultivate a professional teaching force with noble professional ethics so as to provide a strong support for the acceleration of the modernization of education and the building of a powerful country in education.

关 键 词：教师专业化 师德师风 师德治理 师德规范 

分 类 号：G451[文化科学—教育学] G451.2[文化科学—教育技术学]