改革开放以来农村教师支持政策演进:历程、特点及启示  

The Evolution,Characteristics,and Enlightenment of Rural Teacher Support Policies since the Reform and Opening up

作　　者：曲铁华 秦文雨 QU Tiehua;QIN Wenyu(Faculty of Education,Northeast Normal University,Changchun,Jilin,China,130024)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学教育学部,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《教育文化论坛》2025年第2期51-60,共10页Tribune of Education Culture

基　　金：吉林省哲学社会科学规划一般项目“新时代教师教育政策研究”(2020B132)。

摘　　要：教育事业乃国之基石,农村教育作为其重要组成部分,发挥着不可替代的作用。农村教师是农村教育事业发展的中坚力量,是振兴农村教育的基础支撑。国家高度重视农村教师队伍建设,出台了数量众多的农村教师支持政策,成效显著。农村教师支持政策演进分为萌芽探索期、巩固调整期、深化发展期和创新完善期。这一过程呈现出四个显著特点:政策价值取向从社会本位转向人文本位,政策发展目标从巩固发展转向深化改革,政策制定结构自简单笼统转为规范严密,政策内容体系由单一封闭转向多元开放。这一演进过程对当今农村教育具有重要启示:加快推进立法进程,彰显政策法律效力;完善政策制定结构,构建科学系统体系;增强政策针对性,因地制宜优化内容体系;建立评估反馈机制,保障政策落地落实。Education is the cornerstone of the country,and rural education,as an important component,plays an irreplaceable role.Rural teachers are the backbone of the development of education and the guide to revitalizing rural education.China has attached great importance to the construction of rural teacher teams,and has introduced a large number of rural teacher support policies,with remarkable results.Since the Reform and Opening up,the evolution of rural teacher support policies has been undergone four stages:initial exploration,consolidation and adjustment,deepening development and innovation.The characteristics of its policy evolution are:the policy value orientation has shifted from the social-oriented to the humanistic oriented;the goal of policy development has shifted from consolidating development to deepening reform;the policy formulation structure has shifted from the simple and general to the standardized and rigorous one;the policy content system has shifted from a single closed system to a diversified and open one.The inspirations for the current situations are as follows:we need to accelerate the legislative process and demonstrate the legal effectiveness of policies;to improve the policy formulation structure and build a scientific system;to enhance policy targeting and optimize the content system according to local conditions;to establish an evaluation and feedback mechanism to ensure the implementation of policies.

关 键 词：改革开放 农村教师 教育政策 教师支持政策 

分 类 号：G40-011.8[文化科学—教育学原理]