拔尖创新人才培养的双元范式辨识  

Identifying the Dual Paradigm for Cultivating Top-notch Innovative Talents

作　　者：李旖旎 王战军[1] Li Yini;Wang Zhanjun

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学教育学院,北京100081

出　　处：《江苏高教》2025年第4期18-24,共7页Jiangsu Higher Education

基　　金：2023年度全国教育科学规划国家重大项目“拔尖创新人才选拔与培养研究”(VFA230007);2024年度全国教育科学规划青年项目“‘数字平行’”赋能专业学位研究生监测评估及路径优化研究(CIA240284)。

摘　　要：拔尖创新人才培养,关键看研究生教育,尤其是博士生教育。《中华人民共和国学位法》从法律层面确立了中国学位类型的双元结构,为学术型拔尖创新人才和实践型拔尖创新人才的分类培养提供了有力的法律保障。面对新时代的要求,两类研究生教育在选拔、培育、评价上仍面临同质化难题。为让“学术更学术、专业更专业”,亟须打造各具特色、齐头并进的双元培养范式。学术学位研究生培养范式应从“分数化选人、学科化育人、指标化评人”向“包容化选才、能力化育才、贡献化评才”的新范式转变;专业学位研究生教育应构建一套独立于学术学位的全链条差异化培养范式,探索建立“从就业看录取”的选拔观,开展校企联合的“订单式”培养,构建“实践能力”导向的评价体系。The cultivation of top-notch innovative talents hinges on graduate education,particularly doctoral education.The Degree Law legally establishes the dual structure of degree types in China,providing robust legal support for the categorized cultivation of academically and practically oriented top-notch innovative talents.Faced with the requirements of the new era,both types of graduate education still confront the challenge of homogenization in selection,cultivation,and evaluation.To achieve"more academic rigor in academia and more professional proficiency in professions",it is urgent to develop distinct yet complementary dual cultivation paradigms.The cultivation paradigm for academic degree graduate students should shift from"selecting by scores","educating within disciplines",and"evaluating through indicators"to"selecting inclusively","educating based on abilities",and"evaluating by contributions".For professional degree graduate education,we should establish a fully differentiated cultivation paradigm independent of academic degrees,exploring an admission perspective of"admission based on employment prospects",implementing school-enterprise collaboration through"customized"training,and constructing an evaluation system oriented towards"practical capabilities".

关 键 词：研究生教育 拔尖创新人才 双元范式 教育强国 

分 类 号：G647[文化科学—高等教育学]