采用混合算法优化的直流电机PID控制仿真研究  

Simulation study on PID control of DC motor using hybrid algorithm optimization

作　　者：续夏光 郭红想[2] 王浩 XU Xiaguang;Guo Hongxiang;WANG Hao(East China Xinhua Energy Investment Co.,Ltd.,Yangzhou 225002,Jiangsu,China;School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,Hubei,China;Jiangsu Huiyang New Energy Technology Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 211803,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]华东新华能源投资有限公司,江苏扬州225002 [2]中国地质大学机械与电子信息学院,湖北武汉430074 [3]江苏辉飏新能源科技有限公司,江苏南京211803

出　　处：《中国工程机械学报》2025年第1期44-48,共5页Chinese Journal of Construction Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(61973283)。

摘　　要：针对直流电机常规比例-积分-微分(PID)控制系统响应速度慢、超调量较大问题,提出一种混合算法优化PID控制系统。利用d-q坐标轴,建立直流电机的电压、磁链和电磁转矩方程式。利用粒子群算法和引力算法的互补性,设计出一种混合算法。通过混合算法在线优化直流电机PID控制器参数,确保经优化的系统具有更好的响应速度和稳定性,利用Matlab软件对直流电机转速和转矩进行仿真。结果显示:采用混合算法优化PID控制系统,直流电机响应速度快,无超调量情况,在施加负载或增加转速时,直流电机转速和转矩波动幅度较小。采用混合算法优化PID控制系统,可提高直流电机的响应速度,降低直流电机转速输出误差和转矩振动幅度,提高直流电机运行的稳定性。A hybrid algorithm is proposed to optimize the PID control system for DC motors,addressing the issues of slow response speed and large overshoot in conventional proportional integral derivative(PID)control systems.Establish equations for voltage,magnetic flux,and electromagnetic torque of a DC motor using the d-q coordinate axis.Design a hybrid algorithm by utilizing the complementarity between particle swarm optimization algorithm and gravity algorithm.By using a hybrid algorithm to optimize the parameters of the DC motor PID controller online,we ensure that the optimized system has better response speed and stability.Using Matlab software to simulate the speed and torque of a DC motor,the results show that using a hybrid algorithm to optimize the PID control system results in fast response speed and no overshoot of the DC motor.When a load is applied or the speed is increased,the fluctuation amplitude of the DC motor speed and torque is small.By using a hybrid algorithm to optimize the PID control system,the response speed of the DC motor can be improved,the speed output error and torque vibration amplitude of the DC motor can be reduced,and the stability of the DC motor operation can be improved.

关 键 词：直流电机 PID控制 粒子群算法 引力算法 优化 仿真 

分 类 号：TP273[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]