壳寡糖处理改善蓝莓果实品质及提升花青素含量机制  

Effects of Different Concentrations of Chitosan Oligosaccharides on Improving the Fruit Quality and Anthocyanin Content of Blueberry:A Mechanistic Study

作　　者：黄海燕 薛勇[1] 毛相朝[1,2,3,4] 姜宏 胡阳 HUANG Haiyan;XUE Yong;MAO Xiangzhao;JIANG Hong;HU Yang(Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control,College of Food Science and Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266404,China;Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology,Qingdao 266404,China;Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products,China National Light Industry,Qingdao 266404,China;Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao,National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 266237,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学食品科学与工程学院,海洋食品加工与安全控制全国重点实验室,山东青岛266404 [2]青岛市食品生物技术重点实验室,山东青岛266404 [3]中国轻工业水产品生物加工重点实验室,山东青岛266404 [4]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室,海洋药物与生物制品功能实验室,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《食品科学》2025年第9期20-29,共10页Food Science

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金青年项目(ZR2022QC029);国家重点研发计划重点专项(2019YFD0901904);山东省泰山学者项目(tsqn202312099);山东省高等学校青年创新团队计划(2023KJ041)。

摘　　要：本实验探究壳寡糖处理对蓝莓果实品质,特别是对蓝莓花青素种类及含量的影响。经不同质量浓度(0(对照)、25、50、100 mg/L)壳寡糖整株叶面喷施和灌根处理后,测定处理后蓝莓的单果质量、可溶性固形物质量分数、硬度、VC含量、VE含量、类黄酮含量等指标,重点探究蓝莓果实中花青素的变化规律,以评价壳寡糖对蓝莓品质的改善作用。结果表明:壳寡糖处理对蓝莓品质改善表现出浓度依赖的特性,50 mg/L壳寡糖处理时效果最佳。相较于对照组,50 mg/L壳寡糖处理组的单果质量提升9.0%,横径增长2.7%,纵径增长4.9%,固形物质量分数提高18.4%,硬度增长15.6%;此外,50 mg/L壳寡糖处理将蓝莓中总酚、类黄酮、VC、VE等活性物质的含量分别提升了21.7%、28.6%、79.6%和19.8%。此外发现50 mg/L壳寡糖处理减少了花青素种类,但蓝莓中主要花青素的含量显著提高。总花青素含量比对照增长了7.0%,其中主要花青素飞燕草素含量比对照提高了1.3%。进一步研究发现,COS处理能够调整花青素苷类产物代谢通路,3MaT1、3RT、3GGT基因变化是导致壳寡糖处理蓝莓花青素种类和含量发生变化的直接原因。因此,生长期采用壳寡糖处理蓝莓植株,可以有效提高蓝莓果实的品质,本研究对蓝莓栽培技术的提升具有一定的指导意义。This study investigated the effect of chitosan oligosaccharide treatment on the quality of blueberry fruit,with a particular focus on the types and contents of anthocyanins.After applying varying concentrations(0(control),25,50,100 mg/L)of chitosan oligosaccharide via foliar spraying or root drenching,single fruit mass,soluble solids content,hardness,and levels of VC,VE,total phenolics,flavonoids and anthocyanins were measured.The results showed that chitosan oligosaccharide treatment improved blueberry quality in a concentration-dependent manner,the effect being most pronounced at 50 mg/L concentration.Compared with the control group,50 mg/L chitosan oligosaccharide increased the single fruit mass by 9.0%,horizontal diameter by 2.7%,vertical diameter by 4.9%,soluble solids content by 18.4%,and hardness by 15.6%.Additionally,this treatment enhanced the contents of total phenolics,flavonoids,VC,and VE by 21.7%,28.6%,79.6%,and 19.8%,respectively,while reducing the diversity of anthocyanins but significantly increasing the content of major anthocyanins.Total anthocyanin content increased by 7.0%,and the content of the major anthocyanin delphinidin by 1.3%when compared with the control.Furthermore,we found that chitosan oligosaccharide treatment could regulate the metabolic pathways of anthocyanin glycosides,and the enrichment of the 3MaT1,3RT and 3GGT genes led to changes in the types and contents of anthocyanins.In summary,the application of chitosan oligosaccharide during the growth period of blueberry plants can effectively improve fruit quality,which is meaningful for guiding the improvement of blueberry cultivation technology.

关 键 词：壳寡糖 蓝莓 品质改善 花青素 

分 类 号：TS201.1[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]