蓝莓采后致病菌的分离鉴定及精油防控  

Isolation,Identification and Essential Oil Control of Pathogenic Fungi in Postharvest Blueberry

作　　者：万春秀 张楚萱 谢子涵 康晨睿 陶能国[1] 谭小丽 WAN Chunxiu;ZHANG Chuxuan;XIE Zihan;KANG Chenrui;TAO Nengguo;TAN Xiaoli(College of Chemical Engineering,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan 411105,China)

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学化工学院,湖南湘潭411105

出　　处：《食品科学》2025年第9期275-284,共10页Food Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(32102036);湖南省自然科学基金面上项目(2024JJ5372);湘潭大学博士科研启动项目(20QDZ16)。

摘　　要：为降低蓝莓采后遭受病原菌侵染引起严重腐烂而带来的损失,本研究分离鉴定引起蓝莓果实腐烂的致病菌并开发绿色安全的病害防治措施。通过组织分离法从自然发病的蓝莓果实上获得4种致病菌,形态学和分子鉴定表明4种病原菌分别为皮落青霉(Penicillium crustosum)、塔宾曲霉(Aspergillus tubingensis)、链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata)和串珠镰刀菌(Fusarium verticillioides),致病力排序为皮落青霉>塔宾曲霉>链格孢菌>串珠镰刀菌。考虑到串珠镰刀菌的致病性较弱,后续仅对其他3种致病菌进行生长发育条件分析。结果表明,3种菌的最适生长温度在25~28℃之间,生长曲线的对数生长期均在66 h之内,孢子均在12 h之内萌发。进一步探究了25种天然植物精油对致病菌的体外作用效果,发现多数精油对皮落青霉和塔宾曲霉的生长均具有高效的抑制作用,其中2μL/mL的茉莉精油、丁香罗勒精油、山苍子精油和红景天精油体外能完全抑制4种菌的生长,2μL/mL的续断精油可抑制皮落青霉、塔宾曲霉和链格孢菌的生长,对串珠镰刀菌的抑菌率为97%。活体实验表明,山苍子精油和茉莉精油熏蒸能显著降低接种皮落青霉的蓝莓果实病害发生,山苍子精油作用效果优于茉莉精油,有望作为控制蓝莓贮藏病害的绿色替代措施。To reduce postharvest losses caused by pathogen infection in blueberry fruit,this study aimed to isolate and identify the pathogens responsible for blueberry fruit rot and to develop environmentally friendly and safe disease control measures.Through tissue isolation,four pathogenic fungi were obtained from naturally infected blueberry fruit,which were identified as Penicillium crustosum,Aspergillus tubingensis,Alternaria alternata,and Fusarium verticillioides based on morphological and molecular analyses.The pathogenicity of these pathogens was ranked as follows:P.crustosum>A.tubingensis>A.alternata>F.verticillioides.All pathogens except F.verticillioides,having low pathogenicity,were selected to analyze their growth and development conditions.The optimal growth temperature for the three fungi was between 25 and 28℃.The growth curves showed that the logarithmic growth phase lasted less than 66 h,and spore germination occurred within 12 h.Furthermore,the in vitro effects of 25 natural plant essential oils(EOs)on the pathogens were explored.It was found that most EOs had a potent inhibitory effect on the growth of P.crustosum and A.tubingensis.Among them,jasmine,Ocimum gratissimum L.,Litsea cubeba,and Rhodiola rosea essential oils at 2μL/mL could completely inhibit the growth of all four fungi in vitro,and 2μL/mL of Dipsacales essential oil could inhibit the growth of P.crustosum,A.tubingensis and A.alternata,with an inhibition rate of 97%for F.verticillioides.In vivo experiments showed that fumigation with L.cubeba or jasmine essential oil significantly reduced the incidence of diseases in blueberry fruit inoculated with P.crustosum,with the former showing a more pronounced effect.Thus,L.cubeba essential oil is expected to be a green alternative measure for controlling blueberry fruit diseases during storage.

关 键 词：蓝莓 采后病害 致病菌 植物精油 抑菌 

分 类 号：S436.66[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]