基于磁性Fe_(3)O_(4)纳米材料的磁固相萃取技术在食品检测中的研究进展  

Research Progress on Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction Based on Fe_(3)O_(4)Magnetic Nanomaterials in Food Analysis

作　　者：马艺宁 赵灵瑜 何立 接强 孙晓宇 王芳琳 MA Yining;ZHAO Lingyu;HE Li;JIE Qiang;SUN Xiaoyu;WANG Fanglin(Department of Forensic Science,Jiangsu Police Institute,Nanjing 210031,China;Institute of Forensic Science,Ministry of Public Security,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏警官学院刑事科学技术系,江苏南京210031 [2]公安部鉴定中心,北京100038

出　　处：《食品科学》2025年第9期364-390,共27页Food Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(22204063);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2022JB015);江苏省高等学校自然科学研究项目(24KJB430016)。

摘　　要：食品样品前处理是食品分析检测中的关键步骤。由于食品样品通常基质复杂,且待测物含量较低,尤其在痕量化合物的检测中,采用恰当的样品前处理技术显得尤为关键。通过样品的预处理,可以在仪器分析之前有效地提取目标分析物,从而提高检测的灵敏度和准确性。磁固相萃取(magnetic solid phase extraction,MSPE)是一种基于磁性材料的样品前处理技术,利用磁性或可磁化的材料作为吸附剂,通过磁场的作用快速分离和富集样品中的待测物质。与传统的固相萃取相比,MSPE具有操作简单、环境友好、萃取时间短、有机溶剂使用量少以及固液相容易分离等优点。本文综述MSPE技术在食品分析中的研究进展和实际应用,详细阐述MSPE材料的制备方法和表面修饰技术,并列举了近5年来(2020-2024年)MSPE技术在检测食品中重金属残留、农药残留、兽药残留、真菌毒素以及非法添加物质等多方面的应用。此外,本文还深入分析了MSPE技术在食品检测领域所面临的挑战,并对其未来的发展趋势进行了展望。Pre-treatment of food samples is a crucial step in food analysis and testing.Due to the complex matrix and low levels of analytes in food samples,especially for the detection of trace compounds,it is particularly important to choose appropriate sample pre-treatment techniques.Through sample pre-treatment,target analytes can be effectively extracted before instrumental analysis,thereby improving the sensitivity and accuracy of detection.Magnetic solid phase extraction(MSPE)is a sample pre-treatment technique based on magnetic materials,using magnetic or magnetizable materials as adsorbents to quickly separate and enrich target analytes from samples in a magnetic field.Compared with traditional solid phase extraction,MSPE has advantages such as simple operation,environmental friendliness,short extraction time,less consumption of organic solvents,and easy separation between solid and liquid phases.This article presents a comprehensive overview of recent advancements and practical applications of MSPE technique in food analysis.It summarizes the methods used for the preparation and surface modification of magnetic adsorbing materials,and outlines the application of MSPE in detecting heavy metal residues,pesticide residues,veterinary drug residues,mycotoxins,illegal additives and other harmful substances in foods over the past five years(2020–2024).Furthermore,this review also analyzes the challenges faced by MSPE technique in the field of food testing,and discusses future development trends.

关 键 词：磁固相萃取 食品分析 磁性纳米材料 样品前处理 磁性萃取剂 

分 类 号：TS207.3[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]