植物多酚对线粒体的保护作用研究进展  

Research Progress on Mitochondrial Protective Effects of Plant Polyphenols

作　　者：刘雨欣 贾茹[1] 吴安楠 李全宏[1] 廖小军[1] 赵婧[1] LIU Yuxin;JIA Ru;WU Annan;LI Quanhong;LIAO Xiaojun;ZHAO Jing(College of Food Science and Nutrition Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《食品工业科技》2025年第9期456-465,共10页Science and Technology of Food Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(32101977);国家自然科学基金面上项目(32272237);拼多多-中国农业大学研究基金(1061-2424002)。

摘　　要：植物多酚是一类广泛存在于自然界的天然酚类化合物,具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤、保护心脑血管等生物活性。线粒体作为细胞的能量工厂,其功能障碍与人体代谢异常及疾病的发展密切相关。近年来,植物多酚在保护线粒体功能方面的作用受到广泛关注。本文总结了植物多酚的分类和来源,重点讨论了植物多酚通过调控线粒体活性氧自由基以及钙离子水平、提高线粒体呼吸链酶活性、调节线粒体的分裂融合和自噬的方式,发挥线粒体保护作用;并且在治疗与线粒体功能障碍相关的糖尿病、肺部疾病、脂肪性肝病、心血管疾病以及神经退行性疾病中具有潜在作用。通过总结多酚对线粒体的保护作用,有利于科研人员深入探索多酚与线粒体功能调控之间的构效关系以及解析其之间存在的分子机制。这项工作不仅可以为开发新型植物源功能性成分提供科学基础,也为人类健康的饮食干预提供了新的视角。Plant polyphenols are a class of natural phenolic compounds widely found in nature,known for their significant biological activities such as antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,anti-tumor and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protective effects.Mitochondria are the energy factories of cells,and their dysfunctions are closely related to human metabolic abnormalities and the development of diseases.In recent years,the role of plant polyphenols in protecting mitochondrial function has received widespread attention.This review summarizes the classification and sources of plant polyphenols,and focuses on their mitochondrial protective effects,which include regulating the levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species as well as calcium ions,increasing the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes,and regulating mitochondrial fission,fusion and autophagy.These properties with the potential roles contribute to treat diabetes mellitus,lung diseases,fatty liver disease,cardiovascular diseases,and neurodegenerative diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.By summarizing the protective effects of polyphenols on mitochondria,this review will be beneficial for researchers to explore the conformational relationship between polyphenols and the regulation of mitochondrial function and to analyze the molecular mechanisms involved.The review not only provides a scientific basis for the development of novel plant-derived functional ingredients,but also provides a new perspective for dietary intervention on human diseases.

关 键 词：植物多酚 线粒体 功能障碍 疾病 保护作用机制 

分 类 号：TS201.4[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]