现代职业教育发展定位及功能的阐释与澄明——对教育、职业及其与职业教育关系的辨析  

Interpretation and Clarification of the Development Orientation and Functions of Modern Vocational Education——Analysis of Education,Occupation and Their Relationships with Vocational Education

作　　者：姜大源 Jiang Dayuan(Zhejiang Modern Vocational Education Research Center of Jinhua Polytechnic,Jinhua 321000;the Vocational Education Development Center in the Ministry of Education)

机构地区：[1]金华职业技术大学浙江省现代职业教育研究中心,金华321000 [2]教育部职业教育发展中心

出　　处：《职业技术教育》2025年第10期6-13,共8页Vocational and Technical Education

摘　　要：职业教育的初心和使命,其发展定位和功能的确立,涉及职业教育目标的阐释与澄明:需要在教育原则的解放性与功能性的融合,教育思想的职业与教育的适配,以及教育类型的职教与普教的本原这三个层面,对其所关涉的三个“二元论”问题展开深入分析和哲学反思。上述三个问题的破解,与通过职业教育使个体获得自我生存权及其生涯发展权的关键因素——就业密不可分。作为人类特有的活动,就业不仅有利于促进人类社会和经济的发展,而且有利于实现劳动者的个性发展和生涯发展;就业既可使人才需求侧的职业与人才供给侧的教育得以良性匹配,又是个体走向成熟的主体化和社会化过程的必经之路。由此,职业教育强调服务发展、促进就业或就业优先,因其本原的差异导致在教育导向上的区别,促成职业教育与普通教育成为两种不同教育类型。The original aspiration and mission of vocational education,as well as the establishment of its development orientation and functions,are related to the interpretation and clarification of the objectives of vocational education.It is necessary to conduct in-depth analysis and philosophical reflection on the three “dualism” issues involved at three levels:the integration of the liberating and functional aspects of educational principles,the adaptation between vocational elements in educational ideology and education itself,and the essence of vocational education and general education in terms of educational types.The solutions to the above three problems are closely related to employment,which is a key factor for individuals to obtain the right to self-survival and the right to career development through vocational education.As a unique activity of human beings,employment is not only conducive to promoting the development of human society and the economy,but also beneficial to the realization of the individual and career development of workers.Employment can not only achieve a sound match between the occupations on the talents demand side and the education on the talents supply side,but also serves as a necessary path in the process of an individual's subjectification and socialization towards maturity.Therefore,the emphasis of vocational education on serving development,promoting employment,or giving priority to employment has become the difference in educational orientation between vocational education and general education as two different types of education,which is caused by their fundamental differences.

关 键 词：职业教育 发展定位 功能 教育原则 教育思想 教育类型 就业 

分 类 号：G710[文化科学—职业技术教育学]