小学生中文阅读知觉广度发展的阶段性:从对称至不对称  

From Symmetrical to Asymmetrical:The Developmental Stages of Perceptual Span in Chinese Reading Among Primary School Students

作　　者：巫金根[1,2,3,4] 李赛男 袁小源 王永胜 闫国利[1,2,3] Wu Jingen;Li Sainan;Yuan Xiaoyuan;Wang Yongsheng;Yan Guoli(Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education,Academy of Psychology and Behavior,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin,300387;Faculty of Psychology,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin,300387;Tianjin Social Science Laboratory of Students'Mental Development and Learning,Tianjin,300387;Yango University,Fuzhou,350015;Tianjin Academy of Educational Science,Tianjin,300191)

机构地区：[1]教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地天津师范大学心理与行为研究院,天津300387 [2]天津师范大学心理学部,天津300387 [3]学生心理发展与学习天津市高校社会科学实验室,天津300387 [4]阳光学院,福州350015 [5]天津市教育科学研究院,天津300191

出　　处：《心理科学》2025年第2期382-392,共11页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“学生高效阅读的认知神经机制及干预策略研究”(22JJD190012)的资助。

摘　　要：为探究小学生中文阅读知觉广度的发展,研究在移动窗口范式中设置左侧不对称窗口、左右侧对称窗口和右侧不对称窗口共三类窗口,考察四个年级小学生阅读相同中文句子的知觉广度。结果发现,小学生中文阅读知觉广度的发展只存在阅读知觉广度右侧范围的扩大过程,而左侧范围是恒定的,表现为一年级和二年级小学生的阅读知觉广度为注视字左侧1个字至右侧1个字范围,三年级和五年级小学生的阅读知觉广度为注视字左侧1个字至右侧2个字范围。小学生中文阅读知觉广度的发展过程是右侧范围的扩大过程,符合注意偏向假说和中央凹加工负荷假说;发展阶段是从对称阶段发展至不对称阶段,发展转折点是在小学三年级。The perceptual span in reading is"the area of effective vision or the region from which useful information can be obtained during a fixation in reading"(Rayner,1986,p.212)and has been extensively tested in the moving window paradigm(Rayner,2014).Previous studies have revealed that the perceptual span of first graders(Li et al.,2021)and second graders(Yan et al.,2018)is three characters,extending one character to both the left and right of the fixated character,which shows a symmetrical characteristic.Compared to first-and second-graders,the perceptual span of fifth-graders(Yan et al.,2013)and adult readers(Inhoff&Liu,1998)is five characters,extending one character to the left of the fixation character and three characters to the right of the fixated character,which shows an asymmetric characteristic.How does the perceptual span develop from a smaller and symmetrical span to a larger and asymmetrical span in Chinese reading for primary school students as chronological age increases and reading ability develops?Therefore,the present study aims to investigate the development process of the perceptual span in Chinese reading among primary school students by conducting a cross-sectional study.We compared the perceptual span of children at the end of the first,second,third,and fifth graders as they read the same sentences in the moving window paradigm.Three types of window conditions were set up,corresponding to a total of six window sizes.The asymmetric-left condition(L2R1,L3R1)was that the window extended 2 and 3 characters to the left of the fixation character,but only 1 character to the right of the fixation character.Correspondingly,the asymmetric-right window condition(L1R2,L1R3)was that the window extended 2 and 3 characters to the right of the fixation character,but only 1 character to the left of the fixation character.The remaining symmetric window condition(L1R1,L2R2)was that both extended 1 character or 2 characters to the left and right of the fixation character.The Full Line(FL)condition had no masking an

关 键 词：小学生 阅读发展 中文阅读 知觉广度 眼动研究 

分 类 号：G623.2[文化科学—教育学]