两种栽培模式下银耳多糖的高静水压提取、初级结构及性能  

High Hydrostatic Pressure Extraction,Primary Structure and Properties of Tremella fuciformis Polysaccharides Under Two Cultivation Modes

作　　者：戴鑫 周亚楠 董宇 雷剑 缪松 卢旭[1,2,3] DAI Xin;ZHOU Yanan;DONG Yu;LEI Jian;MIAO Song;LU Xu(College of Food Science,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University)Edible Fungus Processing and Comprehensive Utilization Technology Integrated Research Base,Fuzhou 350002,China;China-Ireland International Cooperation Centre for Food Material Science and Structure Design,Fuzhou 350002,China;Xuzhou Kindergarten Teachers College,Xuzhou 221004,China;Fujian Yihe Agricultural Development Corporation,Gutian 352259,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学食品科学学院,福建福州350002 [2]农业农村部(福建农林大学)食用菌加工及综合利用技术集成科研基地,福建福州350002 [3]结构中国-爱尔兰国际合作食品物质学与结构设计研究中心,福建福州350002 [4]徐州幼儿师范高等专科学校,江苏徐州221004 [5]福建省益禾农业发展有限公司,福建古田352259

出　　处：《林产化学与工业》2025年第2期59-69,共11页Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(32172151);福建省科技重大专项(2018NZ0003-1);福建农林大学科技创新专项基金(CXZX2020120A)。

摘　　要：以大丰(段木天然栽培)和益禾(代料人工栽培)干银耳子实体为原料,考察了高静水压(HHP)处理时间、压力以及料液比对这2种栽培模式下银耳多糖(TFP)提取得率的影响,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、刚果红试验、低场核磁共振(LF-NMR)等方法表征银耳多糖的营养成分、初级结构、流变特性等,测定多糖的体外抗氧化活性,并与传统方法提取的多糖进行比较。研究结果表明:大丰银耳多糖的提取最佳工艺为时间27 min、压力350 MPa、料液比1∶120(g∶mL);益禾银耳多糖的提取最佳工艺为时间42 min、压力200 MPa、料液比1∶110(g∶mL),此条件下两种多糖得率分别为(23.59±1.29)%和(15.44±1.89)%,即天然栽培的银耳多糖得率更高。益禾多糖的营养成分含量均高于大丰多糖,其中含多糖达到80.86%。2种多糖均是由甘露糖、葡萄糖醛酸、木糖、岩藻糖等单糖组成的含有β-糖苷键的吡喃型酸性多糖,其重均分子质量(M_(W))分别为2.035×10^(6)、2.167×10^(6)u,且具有高度有序的三螺旋结构以及剪切稀化特性。益禾多糖的分子质量分布均一性和热稳定性更好,且其弛豫时间(T_(2))更短,表明固定水能力更强。质量浓度15 g/L时,益禾银耳多糖的总抗氧化能力和超氧阴离子自由基(O_(2)^(-)·)清除率较高,分别为20.59μmol/g、57.35%;而大丰银耳多糖对羟基自由基(·OH)清除能力更强,清除率达65.46%。高静水压提取银耳多糖的得率和抗氧化活性优于其他常规方法,而段木天然栽培或代料人工栽培模式下银耳多糖的流变特性和抗氧化活性等也有所差异。The effects of high hydrostatic pressure(HHP)treatment time,pressure and solid-liquid ratio on the yield of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides(TFP)under different cultivation modes were studied using Dafeng(segment wood natural cultivation)and Yihe dried T.fuciformis fruiting body(artificial cultivation with substitute materials)as raw materials.The nutritional component,primary structure and rheological properties of TFP were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FT-IR),Congo red test and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance(LF-NMR),in vitro antioxidant activity of polysaccharides was determined,and compared with TFP extracted by traditional methods.The results showed that under the optimum technological conditions(The extraction time of Dafeng polysaccharide was 27 min,the pressure was 350 MPa,the ratio of material to liquid was 1∶120(g∶mL),the extraction time of Yihe polysaccharide was 42 min,the pressure was 200 MPa,and the ratio of material to liquid was 1∶110(g∶mL)),the yields of polysaccharide from Dafeng and Yihe were(23.59±1.29)%and(15.44±1.89)%,respectively,meaning that the yield of polysaccharide from natural T.fuciformis was higher.The nutrient content of Yihe crude polysaccharide was higher than Dafeng polysaccharide,where the content of polysaccharide reached 80.86%.The two kinds of polysaccharides were pyran acid polysaccharides withβ-glucosidic bond,which were composed of mannose,glucuronic acid,xylose,fucose and other monosaccharides.Their weight-average molecular weights were 2.035×10^(6) and 2.167×10^(6) u,respectively,and they had highly ordered triple helix structure and shear thinning characteristics.The molecular mass distribution uniformity and thermal stability of Yihe crude polysaccharide were better,and its relaxation time(T_(2))was shorter,indicating its stronger water-fixing ability.The total antioxidant capacity and superoxide anion(O_(2)^(-)·)scavenging capacity of TFP in Yihe were higher,which were 20.59μmol/g and 57.35%respectively,while the hydr

关 键 词：银耳多糖 高静水压 初级结构 抗氧化活性 流变性能 

分 类 号：TQ35[化学工程] TS201.7[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]