酶法破壁提取松花粉功能成分的工艺优化及抗氧化活性分析  

Process Optimization for Extraction of Functional Components in Pine Pollen via Enzymatic Wall Disruption and Analysis of Antioxidant Activities

作　　者：任志斌 邓鹏 尹雷 张子怡 曲军霞 陈洁[2] 鞠东 何志勇[2] 曾茂茂[2] REN Zhibin;DENG Peng;YIN Lei;ZHANG Ziyi;QU Junxia;CHEN Jie;JU Dong;HE Zhiyong;ZENG Maomao(Yantai New Era Health Industry Co.,Ltd.,Yantai 264006,Shandong,China;School of Food Science and Technology,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]烟台新时代健康产业有限公司,山东烟台264006 [2]江南大学食品学院,江苏无锡214122

出　　处：《食品研究与开发》2025年第8期158-167,共10页Food Research and Development

基　　金：国家食品科学与工程一流学科建设项目(JUFSTR20180201)。

摘　　要：为探索酶解、超声、碱处理辅助破壁和提取松花粉中活性成分的协同作用,采用扫描电镜对松花粉微观结构进行分析,并使用高效液相色谱法分析酚类物质的组成和含量变化。结果表明,经12.5%碱性蛋白酶酶解60 min后,松花粉可溶出部分的总酚含量、总黄酮含量和ABTS阳离子自由基清除能力均达到最高值,分别为(5.97±0.09)mg GAE/g DW松花粉、(1.65±0.04)mg RE/g DW松花粉、(95.12±1.84)μmol TE/g DW松花粉。将酶解辅以超声协同0.3 mol/L NaOH处理后,总酚、总黄酮、ABTS阳离子自由基清除能力及铁离子还原能力相比未处理花粉分别提高107%、113%、73%和81%。扫描电镜结果显示,碱处理酶解后花粉细胞壁破碎程度明显增加,花粉内含物质从裂口处向外溢出,与理化指标趋势一致。最佳工艺条件为0.3 mol/L NaOH超声-碱处理60 min,调节pH值至7,12.5%的碱性蛋白酶于50℃下酶解60 min。综上,超声碱处理可辅助酶解实现松花粉的高效破壁,同时小肽、多酚、黄酮等营养成分也进一步溶出,促进松花粉的高值化利用。To explore the synergistic effects of enzymatic hydrolysis,as well as ultrasonic and alkali treatment on the wall disruption and extraction of active ingredients in pine pollen,scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was used to observe the microstructure of pine pollen,and high⁃performance liquid chromatography was used to analyze the composition and content of phenols. The results showed that the total phenol content,total flavo⁃ noid content,and ABTS+ free radical scavenging ability of the soluble part of pine pollen turned to be the high⁃ est after the treatment with 12.5% alkaline protease for 60 min,with the specific values reaching(5.97± 0.09)mg GAE/g DW pine pollen,(1.65±0.04)mg RE/g DW pine pollen,(95.12±1.84)μmol TE/g DW pine pol⁃ len,respectively. Total phenols,total flavonoids,ABTS+ free radical scavenging ability,and iron ion reduction ability increased by 107%,113%,73%,and 81%,respectively compared with untreated pollen after enzymatic hydrolysis combined with ultrasonic and 0.3 mol/L NaOH treatment. The results of SEM revealed that the wall disruption of pine pollen was further intensified after enzymatic hydrolysis and alkali treatment,and the sub⁃ stances in pollen were spilled outward from the clefts,which was consistent with the trends of physicochemical indexes. The optimal process conditions were 0.3 mol/L NaOH ultrasonic and alkali treatment for 1 h,pH of 7, and enzymatic hydrolysis with 12.5% alkaline protease at 50 ℃ for 60 min. Ultrasonic and alkali treatment could assist enzymatic hydrolysis to break the wall of pine pollen effectively,and nutrients such as small pep⁃ tides,polyphenols,and flavonoids were further dissolved,which promoted the high⁃value utilization of pine pollen.

关 键 词：松花粉 酶解 破壁 超声辅助 多酚 

分 类 号：TS201.2[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]