基于日常生活的公共艺术分类问题  

The Problem of Classifying Public Art Based on Daily Life

作　　者：吴士新[1] Wu Shixin

机构地区：[1]中国艺术研究院建筑与公共艺术研究所

出　　处：《云南艺术学院学报》2025年第1期77-83,共7页

摘　　要：在现有学科分类中,公共艺术学科归于设计学下,涉及城市规划、环境设计、建筑、雕塑、壁画、景观艺术等。这种分类,既会造成设计学与艺术学之间的割裂,又会造成传统艺术分类标准的失效。从形态上来看,公共艺术是“公共空间+艺术”的集合,更偏重于艺术社会学。而现有的传统艺术分类方法,难以对公共艺术进行有效的分析。对公共艺术进行合理、有效的分类,就显得极为迫切。公共艺术并没有一个清晰的分类标准,它常常会随着空间形式、艺术方式的变化而变化。不同国家和地区的公共艺术因地理、环境、历史、文化、社会背景的差异而呈现出各具特色的类型和风格。这反向说明了,“公共艺术”中“公共”和“艺术”的不确定性。如何对这种不确定性进行相对定量化的分析、归类,是解决公共艺术分类的关键。从人类日常生活的角度来看,在人的生活世界之中,空间、时间和行动,分别指向了人的社会物质性空间、社会意识形态以及社会交往活动等三个方面。空间对应了人所处的环境,时间对应了人类的记忆,行动对应了人类的行动与事件。基于此,本文从人的日常生活的角度,将公共艺术分为环境型公共艺术、纪念型公共艺术以及新类型公共艺术三大类。In the existing classification of disciplines,the discipline of public art is categorized under design,which involves urban planning,environmental design,architecture,sculpture,mural painting,landscape art and so on.This categorization can cause both a split between design and art studies and a failure of traditional art classification standards.From a morphological point of view,public art is a collection of“public space+art”,which is more inclined to the sociology of art.The existing traditional art classification method is difficult to effectively analyze public art.It is extremely urgent to classify public art in a reasonable and ef-fective way.Public art does not have a clear classification standard,and it often changes with the change of space forms and art methods.Public art in different countries and regions presents its own distinctive types and styles due to differences in geography,environment,history,culture and social background.This shows the uncertainty of“public”and“art”in“public art”.How to analyze and categorize this uncertainty is the key to solving the problem of classifying public art.From the perspective of human daily life,in the world of human life,space,time and action point to the three aspects of human social and material space,social ideology and social interaction.Space corresponds to the human environment,time corresponds to human memory,and action cor-responds to human actions and events.Based on this,this paper classifies public art into three categories:environmental public art,memorial public art,and new types of public art from the perspective of human daily life.

关 键 词：学科 日常生活 公共艺术 分类问题 

分 类 号：J0[艺术—艺术理论]