陈献章传的书写及白沙心学解释权之争  

The Writing of Chen Xianzhang’s Biography and the Contest over Interpretative Authority in Baisha Mind Studies

作　　者：魏宏远[1] 徐佳慧 WEI Hong-yuan;XU Jia-hui(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学文学院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《兰州大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期115-125,共11页Journal of Lanzhou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：江苏高校哲学社会科学研究重大项目“明代‘后七子’书牍整理与研究”(2024SJZD097);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大专项项目“古典诗教文道传统的当代阐释及教育实践”(2024JZDZ049);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2023jbkyzx004)。

摘　　要：明儒陈献章开创江门学派,意属湛若水继承白沙心学。当其辞世,门人商定湛若水作行状,李承箕作墓志铭,梁储作传,张诩作墓表。诸门人对白沙心学理解存有分歧,就如何书写陈献章传发生论争,此后多种版本行状、墓志、墓表流传于世。陈献章行状的书写数次易手,经历了弘治十三年湛若水作《行状》、弘治十四年张诩重作《白沙先生行状》、正德十六年湛若水作《改葬墓碑铭》三次书写,展现了学派内部思想、权力的角逐。湛若水《行状》今不可考,张诩《白沙先生行状》记载陈献章生平相较完备,广为史传采录。陈献章以诗为教,绝意著述,对其衣钵传承并非从始至终意属一人,白沙心学因“主静”“近禅”饱受争议,致使门人对白沙心学解释权展开激烈争夺。陈献章行状的书写、传播对白沙心学正统的确立,以及史传如何书写陈献章和江门学派具有重要的影响。Ming Confucian Chen Xianzhang founded the Jiangmen School and intended for Zhan Ruoshui to inherit Baisha Mind Studies.Upon his death,his disciples agreed that Zhan Ruoshui would write his biography(xingzhuang),Li Chengji would compose the epitaph(muzhiming),Liang Chu would write the official biography(zhuan),and Zhang Xu would draft the tomb inscription(mubiao).However,the disciples held differing interpretations of Baisha Mind Studies,leading to debates over how Chen’s biography should be written.Subsequently,multiple versions of his commemorative texts circulated.The writing of Chen’s biography underwent three versions:Zhan’s original version in the 13th year of the Hongzhi period(1500),Zhang’s Biography of Baisha Master in the 14th year of the Hongzhi period(1501),and Zhan’s Reburial Tombstone Inscription in the 16th year of the Zhengde period(1521).These versions reflect the intellectual and power struggles within the school.Zhan Ruoshui’s original version is no longer extant,while Zhang’s version provides a relatively complete account of Chen’s life and has been widely cited in historical records.Chen taught through poetry and refrained from writing extensively,and he did not consistently designate a single successor for his teachings.The Studies,characterized by its emphasis on“tranquility”and its proximity to Chan Buddhism,faced significant criticism,leading to fierce competition among disciples over its interpretative authority.The writing and dissemination of Chen’s biography played a crucial role in establishing the orthodoxy of the Studies and influenced how historical records portrayed Chen and his school.

关 键 词：陈献章 张诩 湛若水 江门学派 白沙心学 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学] K825.6[历史地理—历史学] B248.99[哲学宗教—中国哲学]