初中“统计与概率”教学现状的调查与启示  

Investigation and enlightenment on the current status of teaching “Statistics and Probability” in junior high schools

作　　者：宋西泠 王新民[2] SONG Xiling;WANG Xinmin(Zizhong County Qiuqi High School,Neijiang,Sichuan 641208,China;School of Mathematics and Information Science,Neijiang Normal University,Neijiang,Sichuan 641100,China)

机构地区：[1]资中县球溪高级中学,四川内江641208 [2]内江师范学院数学与信息科学学院,四川内江641100

出　　处：《内江师范学院学报》2025年第4期7-16,共10页Journal of Neijiang Normal University

基　　金：四川省2024年度教育科学规划项目(SCJG24C315);四川省教育信息技术研究“十四五”规划课题项目(DSJ2022231);内江市哲学社会科学界联合会规划课题项目(NJ2024YB141)。

摘　　要：为调查新教材实施之际初中“统计与概率”教学中存在的问题,对318名九年级学生进行问卷调查,并对任课教师进行访谈.结果表明:学生高度认可“统计与概率”知识的重要性及应用性;然而,学生当前积累的统计活动经验与《义务教育数学课程标准(2022年版)》要求的水平之间存在显著差距;学生能将实际问题抽象为“统计与概率”模型,但在利用模型解决问题及结果检验、讨论与解释能力上差异显著;学生普遍持有以应试为导向的心态;课堂倾向于讲授与案例探究,缺乏小组讨论、成果展示等互动性强的教学环节;学生对知识的重视度、应用价值的认可度和模型观念的发展情况呈现正相关关系;男生基础知识掌握程度、模型观念发展平均水平高于女生;不同层次的班级,模型观念发展情况存在差异;学生基础薄弱程度与其对考试的应付态度呈正相关.建议:提升学习意愿与兴趣,加强实际应用认同感,树立正确学习观;保障思考与讨论时间,搭建合理认知支架,实施精准教学;精选现实背景材料,挖掘数学建模情境,加强价值引领;丰富统计活动形式,夯实基础立足经验,发展模型观念;小组合作促进交流,实施评价保障实效,提倡跨学科融合.To investigate the issues in the teaching of “Statistics and Probability” in junior high schools during the implementation of the new curriculum,a questionnaire survey was conducted among 318 ninth-grade students,and interviews were held with the subject teachers.The results showed that:(1) Students highly recognized the importance and applicability of “Statistics and Probability” knowledge.However,there was a significant gap between the statistical activity experience currently accumulated by students and the requirements set by the Compulsory Education Mathematics Curriculum Standards(2022 Edition).(2) Students were able to abstract real-world problems into “Statistics and Probability” models,but there were significant differences in their abilities to use these models to solve problems,as well as in their skills of result verification,discussion,and interpretation.(3) Students generally held an exam-oriented mindset.(4) Classroom teaching tended to focus on lectures and case studies,lacking interactive elements such as group discussions and presentation of results.(5) There was a positive correlation between students' emphasis on knowledge,recognition of its application value,and the development of model concepts.(6) Male students had a higher average level of basic knowledge mastery and model concept development than female students.(7) Differences in the development of model concepts were observed among students from different class levels.(8) The degree of students' weak foundations was positively correlated with their attitudes towards coping with exams.Suggestions:(1) Enhance students' willingness and interest in learning,strengthen their recognition of practical applications,and establish a correct learning perspective.(2) Ensure sufficient time for thinking and discussion,provide appropriate cognitive scaffolding,and implement targeted teaching.(3) Select real-world materials,explore mathematical modeling contexts,and strengthen value guidance.(4) Enrich the forms of statistical activities,c

关 键 词：初中数学 统计与概率 模型观念 教学策略 

分 类 号：G633.6[文化科学—教育学]