中国交叉学科:发展脉络、基本特征与建设策略  

Interdisciplinary Studies in China:Historical Development,Basic Characteristics and Response Strategies

作　　者：钱佳 黄启兵[2] 田晓明 QIAN Jia;HUANG Qi-bing;TIAN Xiao-ming

机构地区：[1]苏州科技大学国际教育学院,江苏苏州215009 [2]苏州大学教育学院,江苏苏州215123 [3]苏州科技大学教育学院,江苏苏州215009

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期130-140,共11页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：江苏省哲学社会科学研究基金重点项目“大学文科科研管理的历史反思与现实超越”(18GLA001);江苏高校哲学社会科学重点研究基地“城市发展智库”开放课题“‘四新’建设背景下学科发展机理及建设路径研究”(362314905);江苏高校哲学社会科学研究项目“‘双一流’视域下地方高校学科建设路径研究”(2023SJYB1423)。

摘　　要：学科交叉与学科分化一样,是学科发展历史的必然趋势。我国对学科交叉问题的认识起步较晚。民国时期少数学者开始关注学科交叉问题;新中国成立之后的17年全面照搬苏联发展模式,交叉学科没有得到充分发展;改革开放以降,学科交叉得到学术界和政府的密切关注和高度重视。基于3个历史阶段尤其是改革开放以来交叉学科发展历史的全面梳理,研究发现,我国交叉学科建设与发展具有3个基本特征:一是尊重学术发展内在规律;二是以国家战略需求为导向;三是彰显稳健、持续、灵活的中国特色。针对交叉学科建设和发展过程中所存在的若干现实问题,我们提出了有效平衡激进与保守之间的学科认知、建立健全学界与政府之间的互动机制和妥善处理内容与形式之间的辩证关系3个应对策略。Interdisciplinary studies are as inevitable a trend as the differentiation of disciplines in the development of academic fields.China’s recognition of interdisciplinary studies emerged relatively late.During the Republican era,a small number of scholars began to address interdisciplinary issues;in the first 17 years following the establishment of the People’s Republic of China,the wholesale adoption of the Soviet development model hindered adequate progress in interdisciplinary fields;since the initiation of reform and opening-up policies,interdisciplinary studies have garnered close attention and high priority from both academia and the government.Through systematic analysis of these three historical phases,particularly post-reform developments,this study reveals three fundamental characteristics of China’s interdisciplinary construction:firstly,adherence to the inherent logic of academic evolution;secondly,orientation towards national strategic requirements;and thirdly,manifestation of a distinctive Chinese approach characterized by steady progression,sustainability,and adaptability.In response to practical challenges encountered in interdisciplinary development,this paper proposes three corresponding strategies:achieving balanced understanding between radical and conservative disciplinary perspectives,establishing effective interaction mechanisms between academia and policymakers,and appropriately addressing the dialectical relationship between substantive content and institutional frameworks.

关 键 词：学科建设 学科发展 学科交叉 交叉学科 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]