自然教育的医学面孔——《爱弥儿》中的医学话语与教育医学  

The Medical Face of Natural Education:Medical Discourse and Educational Medicine in Emile

作　　者：胡君进 HU Junjin(School of Education,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学教育学院,上海200234

出　　处：《教育学报》2025年第2期71-82,共12页Journal of Educational Studies

基　　金：2023年度国家社科基金后期资助项目“现代性教育理论发展的谱系学研究”(23FJKB007)。

摘　　要：《爱弥儿》既是一部卢梭的反医学文本,亦是一部带有医学色彩的教育论著。前者体现为卢梭对制造死亡恐惧的医生与制造疾病恐惧的药物医学表现出厌恶和排斥;后者体现为卢梭对当时的卫生医学成果进行吸收和转化,并构建起一套驯服死亡恐惧的教育医学方案。如何让人不害怕死亡,如何在人身上塑造出坚硬的身体和灵魂,并在此基础上寻求生命的感受和幸福,是卢梭整个自然教育方案的重要旨趣。引入《爱弥儿》研究的医学视角,对《爱弥儿》中的医学话语与教育医学进行充分地揭示和阐释,有利于深化对于卢梭自然教育思想的认识。Emile is not only Rousseau’s anti-medical text but also an educational treatise with medical implications.The former is manifested in Rousseau’s revulsion and rejection of doctors who create fear of death and the pharmaceuticals that create fear of disease;the latter is reflected in Rousseau’s absorption and transformation of the achievements of hygienic medicine at that time,and the construction of an educational medicine program to tame the fear of death.The main purports of Rousseau’s entire natural education program are to teach people how to become unafraid of death,how to develop a hard body and soul in people,and how to allow people to seek the sense and happiness of life on this foundation.Introducing the medical perspective into the study of Emile,fully revealing and explaining the medical discourse and educational medicine in Emile are helpful to deepen the understanding of Rousseau’s thought about natural education.

关 键 词：卢梭 《爱弥儿》 自然教育 医学话语 教育医学 

分 类 号：G40[文化科学—教育学原理]