中国最古老的三种数学教材实物及其教育学考论:秦代简牍所见  

The Three Oldest Known Chinese Mathematics Teaching Artifacts and Their Pedagogical Analysis:Evidence from Qin-Dynasty Bamboo Slips

作　　者：李剑萍[1] 杨旭[1] LI Jianping;YANG Xu(Tianjin Academy of Educational Sciences,Tianjin 300191,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市教育科学研究院,天津300191

出　　处：《教育学报》2025年第2期97-107,共11页Journal of Educational Studies

摘　　要：出土秦简牍中的里耶秦简“九九表”、岳麓书院藏秦简《数》、北京大学藏秦简《算书》等,是目前所见中国最古老的三种数学教材实物,是秦代基层官吏实际使用过的数学教材。通过文字考证和教育学释论发现,它们的主要内容和最高难度,大致相当于现在小学高年级和初中一二年级的程度;已经鲜明地显现出重社会性、重实用性的中国古代数学文化传统;北大秦简《算书》尤为明显地体现了当时数学教材的编撰体系;秦代数学教育出现了普遍化的趋势,重要表现就是基层化、教材化和课程化;这些教材实物幽微地折射出当时学习者的状态,打开了一扇认识秦代教育的窗户,蕴含着丰富的教育信息,具有多重教育学研究价值。The“Nine-Nine Multiplication Table”from the Liye Qin bamboo slips,the Shu(Numbers)preserved in the Yuelu Academy,and the Suanshu(Arithmetic)collected in Peking University's Qin bamboo slips,to date,are considered the three oldest known physical mathematical teaching artifacts in China.These materials were practical textbooks used by grassroots officials during the Qin Dynasty.Through textual analysis and pedagogical interpretation,it is evident that their core content and highest difficulty level correspond to today’s upper-elementary and early junior-high school curricula.They distinctly reflect the ancient Chinese mathematical culture emphasizing social applicability and practical utility.Notably,the Suanshu from Peking University bamboo slips demonstrates a systematic approach to textbook compilation in the Qin era.A trend toward popularization in Qin mathematical education is observed,manifested through grassroots accessibility,standardized textbooks,and curricular integration.These artifacts subtly reveal learners’conditions of the time,providing critical insights into Qin educational practices and containing rich pedagogical information with multidimensional research value.

关 键 词：数学教育 数学教材 数学文化 秦代教材 秦代教育 秦代简牍 

分 类 号：G40-09[文化科学—教育学原理]