我国普通高中教育资源配置水平测度、区域差异与结构分解  

Measurement of the Allocation Level,Regional Differences,and Structural Decomposition of Educational Resources in Senior High Schools in China

作　　者：马皓苓 李德显[1] 倪俊峰 MA Haoling;LI Dexian;NI Junfeng(Faculty of Education,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116029,China;The High School Affiliated to Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学教育学部,辽宁大连116029 [2]辽宁师范大学附属中学,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《教育学报》2025年第2期193-208,共16页Journal of Educational Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学一般项目“我国普通高中教育发展指数构建及区域差异研究”(22YJA880040)。

摘　　要：基于2013—2022年全国31个省份的面板数据,构建了由物力资源、财力资源与人力资源三个维度10个指标组成的普通高中教育资源配置指标体系,综合采用熵值法、自然间断点分级法、Dagum基尼系数及其分解法、方差分解法,实证了考察我国普通高中教育资源配置水平、区域差异及结构差异来源。研究结果表明,我国普通高中教育资源配置水平总体偏低,呈现“东高、西次、中低”的空间非均衡特征,省际差异明显,整体还有一定提升空间;普通高中教育资源配置的区域差异已经突破警戒线水平,这种差异来源以区域间为主,且东部—中部、东部—西部的地区间差异尤为突出;物力资源维度差异是全国整体普通高中教育资源配置差异的主要来源,而人力资源维度差异贡献最小。实现普通高中教育资源配置水平的提升和均衡化发展,需要强化顶层设计,分类施策、精准发力,健全普通高中教育经费投入保障机制,同时补齐师资队伍短板。Based on the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2013 to 2022,an evaluation index system of senior high school education resource allocation consisting of ten indicators across three dimensions of material resources,financial resources,and human resources was constructed.This study empirically examined the level of resource allocation,regional disparities,and sources of structural disparities in China’s senior high school education using the entropy method,natural breaks classification,Dagum’s Gini coefficient and its decomposition method,and variance decomposition method.The results indicate that the overall level of senior high school education resource allocation in China is relatively low,exhibiting a spatially unbalanced pattern of“the highest in the east,lower in the west,and the lowest in the middle”with significant inter-provincial differences and room for improvement.The regional disparities in senior high school education resource allocation have surpassed the warning level,with the majority of these disparities stemming from inter-regional differences,particularly pronounced between the eastern and central regions,and between the eastern and western regions.Disparities in material resources are the primary source of overall disparities in senior high school education resource allocation nationwide,while those in human resources contribute the least.To Achieve the improvement and balanced development of the allocation of educational resources in senior high schools,it is necessary to strengthen top-level design,implement differentiated policies and precise measures,improve the funding guarantee mechanism for senior high school education,and address shortcomings in the teaching faculty.

关 键 词：普通高中 教育资源配置 区域差异 

分 类 号：G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]