优绩主义弥合还是加剧教育机会不平等——不同家庭社会经济地位青少年的异质性分析  

Meritocracy:Bridging or Widening Educational Inequality?A Heterogeneous Analysis of Adolescents from Different Socioeconomic Statuses

作　　者：崔媛 赵茜 CUI Yuan;ZHAO Qian(Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality,Beijing Normal University)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心,北京100875

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2025年第6期28-36,共9页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2024年度教育学一般项目“后‘双减’时代义务教育内卷化现状与治理研究”(BGA240090)的部分成果。

摘　　要：崇尚个人努力的优绩主义倡导教育机会平等,但其可能引发的不平等也饱受争议。本研究基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,追踪分析10-15岁青少年群体所持有的优绩主义信念及其对受教育机会获得的影响情况。采用潜剖面分析、logit回归分析发现,优绩主义是青少年的普遍价值观,能够促进青少年获得更高层级的受教育机会,但这种正向促进作用存在阶层差异。家庭社会经济地位越高的青少年拥有越强的优绩主义理念,并且更有利其获得高层次受教育机会,加剧教育机会不平等。解决起点不平等的结构性制度设计问题是破解优绩主义对教育机会平等作用悖论的关键。Meritocracy,which emphasizes individual effort,advocates for equal educational opportunities.However,its potential to exacerbate inequality remains a subject of debate.This study draws on data from the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)to track the meritocratic beliefs of adolescents aged 10-15 and examine their impact on access to educational opportunities.Using latent profile analysis and logit regression models,the finding reveals that meritocracy is a widely held value among adolescents and generally facilitates access to higher levels of education.However,this positive effect varies by socioeconomic background.Adolescents from higher socioeconomic status(SES)families exhibit stronger meritocratic beliefs and are more likely to access higher educational opportunities,ultimately reinforcing educational inequality.Addressing structural disparities at the starting point of education is crucial to resolving the paradox of meritocracy's role in educational equity.

关 键 词：优绩主义 教育机会平等 家庭社会经济地位 

分 类 号：G521[文化科学—教育学]