PCR与平板培养在食物中毒检测中的应用对比  

Comparison of the Application of PCR and Plate Culture in Food Poisoning Detection

作　　者：胡建蓉 李诚林 杜长远 HU Jianrong;LI Chenglin;DU Changyuan(China Grain Reserves Quality Inspection Center Co.,Ltd.,Xiong’an 070001,China;Central Reserve Grain Ulanqab Direct Warehouse Co.,Ltd.,Ulanqab 012000,China;Central Reserve Grain Panjin Direct Warehouse Co.,Ltd.,Panjin 124000,China)

机构地区：[1]中储粮质检中心有限公司,河北雄安070001 [2]中央储备粮乌兰察布直属库有限公司,内蒙古乌兰察布012000 [3]中央储备粮盘锦直属库有限公司,辽宁盘锦124000

出　　处：《食品安全导刊》2025年第11期91-94,共4页China Food Safety Magazine

摘　　要：目的:对比分析聚合酶链式反应(Polymerase Chain Reaction,PCR)快速检测与选择性平板直接分离培养鉴定的可靠性,为食品安全监管及食物中毒预防提供科学依据。方法:收集2024年5月—2024年12月200例微生物污染引起的食物中毒患者样本,涵盖粪便、呕吐物和食物样本。采用选择性平板直接分离培养鉴定和PCR快速检测两种方法,对样本进行检测分析。结果:副溶血性弧菌为首要致病微生物,占比39%;夏季食物中毒发生概率最高,占比56.00%;PCR快速检测总检出率达97.00%,显著高于选择性平板直接分离培养鉴定的83.00%(P<0.05)。结论:PCR快速检测优势明显,但选择性平板培养在微生物鉴定等方面仍有作用,二者结合使用效果更佳。该研究结果对食品安全监管和食物中毒预防具有重要指导意义。Objective:To compare and analyze the reliability of polymerase chain reaction(PCR)rapid detection and selective plate direct isolation and culture identification,and provide scientific basis for food safety supervision and food poisoning prevention.Method:Collect samples from 200 patients with food poisoning caused by microbial contamination from May 2024 to December 2024,including feces,vomit,and food samples.Two methods were used for sample detection and analysis:selective plate direct isolation,culture and identification,and PCR rapid detection.Result:Vibrio parahaemolyticus was the primary pathogenic microorganism,accounting for 39.00%.The incidence of food poisoning is highest in summer,accounting for 56.00%.The total detection rate of PCR rapid detection reached 97.00%,which was significantly higher than the 83.00% identified by selective plate direct isolation and culture(P<0.05).Conclusion:PCR has obvious advantages in rapid detection,but selective plate culture still has a role in microbial identification,and the combination of the two has better results.The research results have important guiding significance for food safety supervision and food poisoning prevention.

关 键 词：微生物 污染 食物中毒 检验 

分 类 号：R155.3[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]