不同栽培基质对银耳子实体分级醇沉粗多糖结构特征及活性的影响  

Effects of different cultivation substrates on the structural characteristics and activities of graded alcohol precipitated crude polysaccharides of Tremella fuciformis

作　　者：叶宇航 陈万超[1] 吴迪[1] 刘朋 张忠[1] 李文[1] 王元凤[2] 杨焱[1] YE Yuhang;CHEN Wanchao;WU Di;LIU Peng;ZHANG Zhong;LI Wen;WANG Yuanfeng;YANG Yan(National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi,Key Laboratory of Resource and Utilization of Edible Fungi(South),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China,Institute of Edible Fungi,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China;College of Life Sciences,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院食用菌研究所,农业农村部南方食用菌资源利用重点实验室,国家食用菌工程技术研究中心,上海201403 [2]上海师范大学生命科学学院,上海200234

出　　处：《菌物学报》2025年第4期108-122,共15页Mycosystema

基　　金：上海现代农业产业技术体系[沪农科产字(2024)第9号]。

摘　　要：以本草(BC)基质、棉籽壳(MZK)基质栽培的福建古田银耳及段木(DM)基质栽培的四川通江银耳子实体为研究对象,采用50%、70%乙醇分级醇沉,得到BC-50、BC-70、MZK-50、MZK-70、DM-50、DM-70共6个粗多糖组分。对不同基质来源的粗多糖组分中多糖含量、蛋白质含量、糖醛酸含量、分子量分布、单糖组成、抗氧化活性和免疫活性进行了分析研究。结果表明,DM-70组分的多糖含量最高为(80.68±0.23)%,BC-70组分的得率最高为14.27%,BC-50组分糖醛酸含量最高为(21.04±0.35)%;本草银耳70%醇沉多糖的分子量分布较小为8.098×10^(4)Da,段木银耳50%醇沉多糖的分子量分布最大为2.184×10^(6)Da。50%醇沉多糖组分主要由岩藻糖、葡萄糖、木糖、甘露糖和葡萄糖醛酸组成,70%醇沉多糖组分主要由岩藻糖、木糖、甘露糖和葡萄糖醛酸组成。体外抗氧化和免疫活性表明,在作用浓度为2 mg/mL时本草银耳50%醇沉多糖组分对DPPH和ABTS的自由基清除率较高,体外刺激巨噬细胞释放NO实验表明,本草银耳粗多糖组分体外刺激巨噬细胞释放NO的能力最强。体外对UVB损伤HSF细胞的修复活性试验表明,BC-70组分对HSF细胞免受UVB的损伤效果最好。研究结果为银耳加工原料的选择及根据目标活性组分选择合适栽培基质提供了理论参考。Six crude polysaccharide fractions,BC-50,BC-70,MZK-50,MZK-70,DM-50,and DM-70,were obtained by graded alcohol precipitation with 50%and 70%ethanol from Tremella fuciformis cultivated on Bentham’s cress(BC)substrate and cottonseed husk(MZK)substrate in Gutian,Fujian Province,and on cut-log(DM)substrate in Tongjiang,Sichuan Province.The polysaccharide content,protein content,glucuronic acid content,molecular weight distribution,monosaccharide composition,antioxidant activity and immunological activity of the crude polysaccharide fractions from different matrix sources were analyzed and studied.The results showed that the highest polysaccharide content appeared in DM-70 fraction,reaching(80.68±0.23)%;the highest crude polysaccharide yield obtained in BC-70 fraction,reaching 14.27%;the highest glyoxylate content appeared in BC-50 fraction,reaching(21.04±0.35)%;the molecular weight distribution of 70%alcohol-precipitated polysaccharides of T.fuciformis on Bentham’s cress substrate was comparatively small,being 8.098×10^(4)Da,and that of 50%alcohol-precipitated polysaccharides of T.fuciformis on cut-log was 2.184×10^(6)Da.The 50%alcohol-precipitated polysaccharide was mainly composed of fucose,glucose,xylose,mannose and glucuronic acid,while the 70%alcohol-precipitated polysaccharide was mainly composed of fucose,xylose,mannose and glucuronic acid.In vitro antioxidant and immune activity tests showed that the 50%alcohol-precipitated polysaccharide fraction of T.fuciformis cultivated on Bentham’s cress substrate had a higher free radical scavenging rate of DPPH and ABTS at an action concentration of 2 mg/mL.It was also found that the polysaccharide fraction had the strongest ability to stimulate the release of NO from macrophage cells in vitro.The in vitro repair activity test on UVB-damaged HSF cells showed that the BC-70 fraction had the best effect on HSF cells from UVB damage.

关 键 词：栽培基质 分级醇沉 结构特性 抗氧化活性 体外免疫活性 

分 类 号：TS201.2[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]