公费师范生专业发展现实图景与优化路径——基于全国20599名公费师范生的调查分析  

The Realistic Prospect and Optimization Path of Professional Development of Publicly Funded Students:A Survey Analysis Based on 20,599 Publicly Funded Students Nationwide

作　　者：秦一铭 李广 QIN Yiming;LI Guang(Faculty of Education,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学教育学部,长春130024

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2025年第7期38-46,共9页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学重大课题“新时代高质量教师教育体系建设及师资供需配给研究”(VFA220007)的部分成果。

摘　　要：师范生公费教育是优秀师范教育人才培养的关键举措,也是促进基础教育优质均衡发展的有效路径。提高公费师范生的专业发展水平能够提高公费师范生培养质量,有助于打造一支高素质专业化创新型教师队伍。基于全国20599名公费师范生的调查分析发现,我国公费师范生专业发展水平较高,各内容维度呈现峰谷交错的分层样态;公费师范生专业发展随年级升高呈现“V”型变化趋势,年级轨迹存在端点效应;不同组群公费师范生在性别、生源地、专业类别上呈现结构性差异;环境因素与个体因素均能正向预测公费师范生专业发展,但环境因素对其预测力更强,其中,教师指导是影响公费师范生专业发展的关键因素。基于此,建议通过加强“情境性”师德涵养、建立“一体化”激励机制、探索“多导师”培养制度、构建“追踪式”监测体系等,有效提升公费师范生的专业发展水平。Publicly funded education for normal students is a key measure for cultivating excellent talents in normal education,as well as an effective way to promote the high-quality and balanced development of basic education.Improving the professional development level of publicly funded students can improve the quality of their training and help build a high-quality,professional and innovative teacher team.Based on the survey analysis of 20,599 publicly funded students nationwide,it is found that the professional development level of publicly funded students in China is relatively high,and the content dimensions present a hierarchical pattern of peaks and valleys;The professional development of publicly funded students shows a"v"shaped trend as they advance in grade,with endpoint effects present in the grade trajectory.Structural differences are observed among different groups of publicly funded students in terms of gender,place of origin,and major category.Both environmental factors and individual factors can positively predict the professional development of publicly funded students,but environmental factors have a stronger predictive power.Among them,teacher guidance is a key factor affecting the professional development of publicly funded students.Based on this,it is suggested that the professional development level of publicly funded students should be effectively improved by strengthening the"situational"teacher ethics cultivation,establishing an"integrated"incentive mechanism,exploring a"multi-mentor"training system,and constructing a"tracking"monitoring system.

关 键 词：公费师范生 专业发展 角色认同 学习投入 专业能力 职业愿景 

分 类 号：G650[文化科学—教育学]