欧洲人群饮食因素与认知功能障碍关系的孟德尔随机化分析  

Mendelian randomization analysis of dietary factors and cognitive impairment in European populations

作　　者：李建锋 张展 丁新华 高奋堂[1] 何勤利 谢萍[1] LI Jianfeng;ZHANG Zhan;DING Xinhua;GAO Fentang;HE Qinli;XIE Ping(Department of Cardiovascular Medicine,Gansu Provincial Hospital,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省人民医院心血管内科,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《山东大学学报(医学版)》2025年第4期36-43,82,共9页Journal of Shandong University:Health Sciences

基　　金：兰州市人才创新创业项目(2018-RC-72);甘肃省自然科学基金(24JRRA351)。

摘　　要：目的探讨饮食因素与认知功能的可能因果效应。方法利用全基因组关联研究(genome-wide association studies,GWAS)数据,采用逆方差加权法(inverse-variance weighted,IVW)、加权中位数(weighted median,WM)、MR Egger回归(MR-Egger regression)进行孟德尔随机化(Mendelian randomization,MR)分析,评估饮食因素与认知功能的因果关系。同时,进行异质性检验、敏感性分析、多效性分析。结果奶酪摄入量(IVW:OR=1.92,95%CI:1.54~2.40,P<0.01)、干果摄入量(IVW:OR=1.64,95%CI:1.07~2.53,P=0.03)与认知功能存在正向因果关系,酒精摄入频率(IVW:OR=0.79,95%CI:0.71~0.87,P<0.01)、猪肉摄入量(IVW:OR=0.47,95%CI:0.24~0.91,P=0.03)与认知功能呈负相关。且所有结果均不存在多效性,留一法亦提示所得结果稳健。其他饮食因素未发现与认知功能具有因果关系。结论奶酪摄入量、干果摄入量增加与认知功能障碍风险降低有关,酒精摄入频率、猪肉摄入量增加与认知功能障碍风险增加有关,但仍需更大的GWAS数据进一步验证这种关系,同时研究其中潜在关联机制,以支持该结论。此外,其他饮食因素未发现与认知功能具有因果关系。Objective To explore the potential causal effects of dietary factors on cognitive function.Methods Utilizing genome-wide association studies(GWAS)data,Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted to assess the causal relationship between dietary factors and cognitive function,employing the inverse-variance weighted(IVW),weighted median,and MR-Egger regression.Heterogeneity tests,sensitivity analyses,and pleiotropy analyses were also performed.Results The results demonstrated positive causal relationships between cognitive function and cheese consumption(IVW:OR=1.92,95%CI:1.54-2.40,P<0.001)as well as dried fruit intake(IVW:OR=1.64,95%CI:1.07-2.53,P=0.03).Conversely,negative causal relationships were observed between cognitive function and alcohol consumption frequency(IVW:OR=0.79,95%CI:0.71-0.87,P<0.001)as well as pork intake(IVW:OR=0.47,95%CI:0.24-0.91,P=0.03).No pleiotropy was detected in all results,and the leave-one-out method suggested the robustness of the findings.No causal relationship was found between other dietary factors and cognitive function.Conclusion Increased consumption of cheese and dried fruits are associated with a reduced risk of cognitive impairment,while higher frequency of alcohol consumption and increased pork intake are associated with an elevated risk of cognitive impairment.However,larger GWAS datasets are still needed to further validate these relationships,along with studies investigating the potential underlying mechanisms to support these conclusions.Additionally,no significant causal relationships are observed between other dietary factors and cognitive function.

关 键 词：饮食因素 奶酪 干果 酒精 猪肉 认知功能 孟德尔随机化 

分 类 号：R395[哲学宗教—心理学] R459.3[医药卫生—医学心理学]