“国优计划”选育优秀中小学教师的机制构建与路径优化  

Mechanism Construction and Path Optimization for Selecting and Training Excellent Primary and Secondary School Teachers under“National Excellent Teachers Program”

作　　者：黄露菡 陈未琼 HUANG Luhan;CHEN Weiqiong(College of Education,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;Department of Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学教育学院,浙江杭州310058 [2]华东师范大学教育学部,上海200062

出　　处：《教师教育学报》2025年第3期74-86,共13页Journal of Teacher Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“国家教育体系适应人口结构变化的战略管理研究”(20AGL030),项目负责人:胡耀宗。

摘　　要：“国优计划”是建设高素质、专业化和创新型中小学教师队伍的必由之路,深刻影响拔尖创新人才的自主培养和新质生产力的长效发展。研究采用文本分析法,借助协同理论,对首批30所“国优计划”试点高校的相关政策文本进行分析。研究发现:选拔阶段,试点高校建立理工知识与科学素养并备、政治品德与教育情怀并具、从教潜质与综合能力并存的三维评价标准,采用“内在一致”“相互配合”和“提质增效”的协同评价体系,以实现选拔“适合教育”的“国优生”的目标;培养阶段,试点高校运用“U-G-S”协同联动的培养模式,通过学术组织协同运作以兼顾师范性和学术性,配套政策协同并进以推进持续性专业发展,大中小学协同合作以培养理论和实践能力。然而,实践中存在多维评价标准与专业评价能力的匹配性需提升、评价结果与培养过程的双向反馈需加强、多方培养主体的育人合作性需深化、配套政策的衔接落实程度需重视等协同困境。建议未来“国优计划”应着眼申请者个人发展与校、国期望的协同,“多导师制”和综合能力培养的协同,以评价结果联动选拔和培养的协同,最终撬动人才培养的有力支点。“National Excellent Teachers Program”is an essential way for building a high-quality,professional and innovative science teacher workforce.It will have a profound impact on the independent training of top-notch innovative talents and the long-term development of new quality productive forces.Using the text analysis method and the collaborative theory,the relevant policy texts of 30 pilot universities of“National Excellent Teachers Program”were coded and analyzed.The research found that during the selection stage,the pilot universities established a three-dimensional evaluation criteria for the coexistence of science and technology knowledge and scientific literacy,political morality and educational commitment,as well as teaching potential and comprehensive competencies.They adopted a collaborative evaluation system characterized by internal consistency,cooperation,quality and efficiency enhancement to achieve the goal of selecting excellent students fit for teaching.During the cultivation stage,the pilot universities adopted a“U-G-S”(University-Government-School)co-llaborative model.This approach ensures a balanced emphasis on teacher preparation and academic rigor through the collaborative operation of academic organizations,coordinate the development of supporting policies to promote sustainable professional development,and cooperate with primary and secondary schools to cultivate theoretical and practical abilities.However,in practice,there are coordination dilemmas such as the need to improve the matching between multidimensional evaluation criteria and professional evaluation ability,strengthen the two-way feedback between evaluation results and training process,deepen the cooperation of multi-cultivation subjects,and pay attention to the convergence and implementation of supporting policies.To address these issues,future iterations of the“National Excellent Teachers Program”should realize the coordination between the applicants'personal development and the expectations of the university and

关 键 词：国优计划 协同理论 优秀中小学教师 教师教育 教育家精神 

分 类 号：G451[文化科学—教育学]