教育治理现代化背景下教师负担表现及应对策略——基于广东省94所中小学调查  

The Manifestations and Coping Strategies of Teachers’Workload in the Context of Educational Governance Modernization:A Survey of 94 Primary and Secondary Schools in Guangdong Province

作　　者：钟景迅[1,2] 董蔚然 ZHONG Jingxun;DONG Weiran(School of Education,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学教育科学学院,广州510631 [2]华南师范大学基础教育治理与创新研究中心,广州510631

出　　处：《基础教育参考》2025年第4期67-80,共14页Basic Education Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学2022年度一般课题“‘双减’背景下义务教育教师负担的发生机制及治理对策研究”(编号:BFA220185)。

摘　　要：中小学教师负担重、减负难是我国基础教育长期存在的难题。研究采用量化与质性相结合的混合方法,对广东省94所中小学2357名行政管理人员及教师展开三轮追踪调研,深入分析教育治理现代化背景下义务教育阶段教师的负担状况及其成因。研究发现,当前教师工作时间普遍延长,非教学事务的处理和教学质量提升的压力并存;相比于科任教师,班主任的工作强度显著增加;与非中考科目对比,中考科目的授课教师更加面临“提质”与“控量”的双重困境。究其原因,主要在于教育治理改革中教学要求与社会期望攀升,教师工作精力分配失衡;职责边界模糊,教师专业自主权发挥受限;问责机制强于激励机制,教师权利保障不足。对此,建议构建多部门联动协调工作机制,强化学校作为政策落地的核心主体作用;健全中小学教师关爱和服务机制,优化专业学习支持与服务;完善教师专业发展与权益保障体系,为教师创设良好减负环境。The heavy burden of primary and secondary school teachers and the difficulty of reducing the burden are long-standing problems in China’s basic education.Using a mixed-method approach combining quantitative and qualitative methods,the study conducted three rounds of tracking research on 2,357 administrators and teachers in 94 primary and secondary schools in Guangdong Province,to analyze the burden situation of teachers and its causes in the context of modernization of educational governance in the compulsory education stage.The study found that the working hours of teachers have generally increased,and they are under the pressure of handling non-teaching affairs and improving teaching quality.Among them,the workload of head teachers has significantly increased compared to subject teachers,and teachers of subjects in the high school entrance examination are more troubled by the dual challenges of“improving quality”and“controlling quantity”compared to those of non-exam subjects.The main reasons are that in the process of education governance reform,teaching requirements and social expectations have risen,and the distribution of teachers’working energy is unbalanced;the boundaries of responsibilities are ambiguous,and teachers’professional autonomy is restricted;the accountability mechanism is stronger than the incentive mechanism,and teachers’rights are not well protected.Therefore,it is suggested to establish a multi-departmental coordinated working mechanism,strengthen the core role of schools in the implementation of policies;improve the care and service mechanism for primary and secondary school teachers,and optimize professional learning support and services;improve the professional development and rights protection system for teachers,and create a good environment for reducing their burden.

关 键 词：中小学教师 教师负担 教师减负 教育治理现代化 减负治理 

分 类 号：G525.1[文化科学—教育学]