芬兰教师评价制度经验及其启示  

The Experiences and Implications of Finland's Teacher Evaluation System

作　　者：林美貌 江敏雯 LIN Meimao;JIANG Minwen(Fujian Provincial Education Examinations Authority,Fuzhou 350003,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省教育考试院,福州350003

出　　处：《中国考试》2025年第5期84-93,共10页journal of China Examinations

基　　金：2022年度福建省教育系统哲学社会科学研究德旺基础教育研究院有组织的教育科研项目“从人才需求、高校人才选拔出发基础教育学科教学质量提升研究”(JDW22001)。

摘　　要：教师评价作为教育治理体系的重要环节,对教育高质量发展具有支撑作用。芬兰教育质量名列世界前茅,与其独特创新的教师评价制度及高水平教师队伍密切相关。芬兰以专业发展为导向建立起教师全周期评价体系,在师范生选拔阶段注重专业潜质多维评估,在教师教育阶段强调专业素质形成性培育,在教师在职阶段重视专业实践发展性评价。同时,芬兰采用校长评价和教师自我评价相结合的评价方式,旨在促进教师终身发展。其主要特征是以专业信任为基础、突出专业表现性和强调专业发展性评价。借鉴芬兰经验,我国新时代教师评价改革应重塑教师主体性的评价支点,创建以教育家精神为内核的专业评价体系,推动落实教师—学生融合发展的评价旨归。Teacher evaluation,as a crucial component of the educational governance system,plays a pivotal supporting role in promoting high-quality educational development.Finland's world-leading education quality is closely associated with its innovative teacher evaluation system and high-quality teaching workforce.Finland has established a comprehensive lifecycle evaluation system for teacher professional development,encompassing multidimensional assessment of professional potential during pre-service teacher selection,emphasizing formative cultivation of professional competencies during teacher education,and prioritizing developmental evaluation of professional practice for in-service teachers.Concurrently,Finland employs a dual evaluation approach combining school principal assessments with teacher self-reflective evaluations to foster lifelong professional growth.Its core characteristics include being grounded in professional trust,a focus on professional teaching performance,and an emphasis on developmental evaluation.Drawing on Finland's experience,China's teacher evaluation reform in the new era should reconstruct an evaluation framework that affirms teacher agency,establish a professional evaluation system centered on"the spirit of educators",and advance evaluation frameworks that foster integrated development of both teachers and students.

关 键 词：教师评价 发展性评价 教师主体性 表现性评价 芬兰 国际比较 

分 类 号：G405[文化科学—教育学原理]