教育福利的提高有利于促进社会创新吗?——一项聚焦中国高等教育普及化的准自然实验  

Are Increases in Educational Welfare Conducive to Fostering Social Innovation?A Quasi-natural Experiment Focusing on the Popularization of Higher Education in China

作　　者：马浚锋 Ma Junfeng(Fujian-Taiwan Faculty Development Center,Fuzhou 350007;the School of Teacher Education,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350007)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学闽台教师发展中心,福州350007 [2]福建师范大学教师教育学院,福州350007

出　　处：《中国远程教育》2025年第3期47-66,共20页Chinese Journal of Distance Education

基　　金：福建省教育科学规划2023年度基础教育高质量发展重点专项课题“义务教育优质均衡发展背景下师资配置的优化路径研究”(课题编号:FJGHZD23-05)。

摘　　要：旨在保障公民受教育权的教育福利具有经济功能、社会功能和文化功能,有效促进了教育公平,进而深刻影响社会经济全面协调发展。但是,教育福利赋能社会创新的因果关系和内在机理仍有待检验。立足中国高等教育普及化的准自然实验评估了教育福利的提高对社会创新水平的影响。研究发现,从全面普及义务教育到高等教育普及化,教育福利的显著提高激发了社会创新活力,这一影响效应在人力资本存量丰富且跨越“中等收入陷阱”的地区内得以持续放大。这意味着,在经济社会高质量发展转型的过程中,以政府无偿财政补贴的形式提高教育福利,提高人民群众的受教育水平,可能会凸显人力资本正外部性,从而释放人才红利的创新效能。在经过平行趋势、安慰剂检验等一系列稳健性检验后,机制分析进一步表明,由高等教育普及化带来教育福利的兜底作用是保障教育公平、对冲创新风险、激发社会创新活力、影响社会创新水平的重要途径。为实现创新驱动的高质量发展,各级政府可提高公共教育服务均等化水平,逐步开展义务教育年限扩展的试点工作,持续提升教育福祉。Educational welfare,which aims to guarantee citizens'right to education,has economic,social and cultural functions,effectively promotes educational equity,and thereby profoundly affects the overall coordinated development of social economy.However,the causal relationship and internal mechanism of educational welfare empowering social innovation have yet to be examined.Based on a quasi-natural experiment of higher education popularization in China,the study evaluates the impact of educational welfare on the level of social innovation,and finds that from the popularization of compulsory education to the popularization of higher education,the significant improvement of educational welfare has stimulated the vitality of social innovation,and this effect continues to be amplified in regions with abundant human capital stocks and those that have crossed the“middle-income trap”.This implies that in the process of economic and social transformation of high-quality development,pushing up educational welfare in the form of free government financial subsidies and raising the education level of the people may highlight the positive externality of human capital,and thus unleashing the innovation efficacy of the talent dividends.After a series of robustness tests such as parallel trends and placebo tests,the mechanism analysis further suggests that the bottom-line role of educational welfare brought about by the popularization of higher education is an important way to ensure educational equity,hedge innovation risks,stimulate the vitality of innovation in society,and influence the level of social innovation.In order to achieve innovation-driven high-quality development,the government at all levels should improve the level of equalization of public education services,gradually carry out pilot work on the extension of compulsory education years,and continuously enhance educational welfare.

关 键 词：公共服务 高等教育普及化 教育福利 教育公平 社会创新 

分 类 号：G521[文化科学—教育学]