自由回忆中元记忆监控的作用及其影响因素  

MONITORING AND CONTROL OF METAMEMORY AND ITS INFLUENTIAL FACTORS IN FREE RECALL

作　　者：韩凯[1,2] 李波[2] 刘海娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学心理与行为研究中心 [2]北京大学心理系,北京100871

出　　处：《心理学报》2003年第2期157-162,共6页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地基金资助。

摘　　要：采用“类信号检测论方法”,通过两个实验,研究了在记忆信息提取过程中元记忆的预见性监测判断(Feeling-of-knowing)和元控制的作用及其影响因素。实验一探讨了识记材料的难易、识记遍数对元监测判断以及输出控制中的反应标准是否有影响;实验二探讨了严格和宽松的奖惩条件对输出控制中反应标准的影响。用计算机随机呈现识记用的词表材料,识记之后让被试进行FOK等级判断和自由回忆,再用“类信号检测论”方法统计实验数据,分析各种条件下回忆成绩、FOK判断等级,计算出相应的符合率和反应标准。实验一结果表明,不同材料难度和识记遍数下的回忆成绩和FOK判断等级差异显著,但输出控制中的反应标准值没受这些因素的影响;实验二结果是严格和宽松奖惩条件下的反应标准值差异显著,严格条件下的反应标准显著高于宽松条件下的反应标准,表明奖惩条件对信息提取中的反应标准有显著影响。Two experiments were designed to investigate the function of Metamemory and its influential factors. In experiment 1 , 2x2 within -group design was used to study the influential factors, the independent variables were levels of material difficulty ( Chinese word - word pairs vs. number - word pairs) and times of the materials presented to the subjects (once vs. fourth). In experiment 2, subjects were assigned to two levels of rewards and punishment groups to study the probability response criterion ( Pro) in the process of output controlling. The materials were presented to the subjects in random order by computer. After the materials were presented, subjects were asked to make Feeling - of - knowing ( FOK) judgement on 10 degree scale and to make free recall, then Quasi - signal detection method was used to state and analyze the results of free recall, judgements of FOK, compute the Fit Ratio and the criterion of out - put control. The result of experiment 1 showed that accuracy of recall performance and FOK judgement magnitude were influenced significantly by material difficult and times that items were presented, easier memory materials, more times presented items brought out better objective level memory performance and higher FOK magnitude. The criterion of out - put control and the sensitivity of metamemory control to monitoring ( Fit Ratio) were not influenced by the difficulty of material, and the times items were presented to the subjects. The results of experiment 2 showed that under the high and low reward conditions, the Prc were significantly different, under the low reward condition it was higher than under the high reward condition.

关 键 词：元记忆 FOK判断 反应标准 类信号检测论 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]