黄曲霉毒素的生物合成、代谢和毒性研究进展  

Recent Progress in the Biosynthesis, Metabolism and Toxicity of Aflatoxins

作　　者：罗自生[1] 秦雨[1] 徐艳群[1] 徐庭巧 魏云潇 何良兴 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学食品科学与营养系,浙江杭州310058 [2]杭州市余杭区农产品监测中心,浙江杭州311199

出　　处：《食品科学》2015年第3期250-257,共8页Food Science

基　　金：杭州市社会发展科研专项(20140533B61);浙江省科技计划项目(2014C32089)

摘　　要：食品中黄曲霉毒素污染是最近关注的热点,这些毒素侵染农产品会带来很大经济损失。黄曲霉毒素有非常高的肝毒性、肝致肿瘤性、致畸和致突变性,可在采前、采中和采后的各种环境下侵染多种重要农产品,例如花生、玉米、水稻和棉籽。自然界中黄曲霉毒素的产生取决于多种因素,例如碳、氮、温度、水分活度、pH值、发育阶段、氧化胁迫、植物代谢产物。黄曲霉毒素可引起多种疾病,但是可以通过阻断和干扰吸收及干扰代谢酶来调节体内的黄曲霉毒素。本文概述黄曲霉毒素的生物合成、侵染、运输、代谢和毒性。研究它的生物合成、毒性机制、结构与功能关系和代谢运输途径,为制定有效控制黄曲霉毒素的措施提供更加深入的见解。Food contamination with aflatoxins is the focus of current concern. The i ntermittent incidence of these toxins in agricultural commodities has negative effects on the economy of the affected regions where harvest and postharvest techniques for the prevention of mold growth are seldom practiced. Aflatoxins are highly hepatotoxic, hepatocarcinogenic,teratogenic, and mutagenic in nature and they contaminate a wide variety of important agricultural commodities, such as peanuts, maize, rice and cottonseed, before, during and after harvest in various environmental conditions/settings. The biosynthesis of aflatoxins in nature depends upon the various factors such as carbon, nitrogen, temperature, water activity,pH, developmental stages, oxidative stress, and plant metabolites. These toxins can cause several ailments and can be controlled by blocking and interfering with the absorption and disturbing the metabolic enzymes. The present article overviews the biosynthesis, infection, transport, metabolism and toxicity of aflatoxins. Detailed studies on their biosynthesis,mechanism of toxicity, structure-function relationship, metabolism and transport will provide deep insight into the technology involved in the development of an effective control measures for aflatoxins.

关 键 词：黄曲霉毒素 生物合成 侵染 毒性 突变 

分 类 号：TS201.3[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]