儿童对生物目的指向性的认知发展  

Children's Understanding of Biological Goal-Directed Action

作　　者：卿素兰[1] 方富熹[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院心理研究所心理健康重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2004年第3期379-386,共8页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(批准号:30270476)的部分工作。

摘　　要：目的指向性是生物的基本特征,是区分生物和非生物的重要指标。学前儿童能否根据目的指向性来区分生物与非生物,主要有3种观点:能区分、不能区分、认为学前儿童只能理解动物具有目的指向性,但不能理解植物的目的指向性。该文分层综述了学前儿童对生物包括人、动物和植物目的指向性的认知及学前儿童对不熟悉物体目的指向性的归因研究,并提出了需要进一步探讨的问题。Goal-directed action is a basic trait of biology, which is also an important standard for identifying whether the entity is alive. There are three viewpoints about preschooler抯 distinguishing living things from non-living things through goal-directed movement, namely, able, unable or only able to understand animals?goal-directed action except plants? According to goal-directed action, some researches about how children understand people抯, animals?and plants?goal-directed action are introduced in this essay. Researches about preschooler how to attribute goal-directed action of unfamiliar things are also introduced. Furthermore, previous researches are evaluated and some questions remaining to be answered in the future are put forward.

关 键 词：目的指向性 朴素生物学 因果解释 

分 类 号：B844[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]