Pathophysiology of Graves’ Ophthalmopathy: A Literature Review  

作　　者：Mariela Carolina Santos Carballo Bianca Paiva Cunha de Sá Denise Rosso Tenório Wanderley Rocha Alberto Krayyem Arbex 

机构地区：[1]Division of Endocrinology, IPEMED Medical School, Sã o Paulo, Brazil [2]Diabetology Department, Malteser Krankenhaus St. Franziskus-Hospital, Flensburg, Germany

出　　处：《Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases》2017年第1期77-87,共11页内分泌与新陈代谢疾病期刊（英文）

摘　　要：Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO), an autoimmune condition associated with Graves’ disease (GD), occurs at a prevalence of nearly 40% in patients diagnosed with GD. Ocular involvement is probably due to the presence of autoantibodies in the orbital tissues, regardless of the control state of thyroid hormones in individuals with GD, even during euthyroid or hypothyroid states, which are associated with thyroid hormone treatment. In addition to the immunological role present in the pathophysiology of GO, the genetic component, proteins and cytokines, minerals (e.g., selenium), and environmental factors (e.g., smoking) also contribute to its development and occurrence of clinical manifestations in varying degrees. Until now, the interaction of causal, intermediary, and triggering factors of GO is still unclear, so the purpose of this article is to review literature on the theme.Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO), an autoimmune condition associated with Graves’ disease (GD), occurs at a prevalence of nearly 40% in patients diagnosed with GD. Ocular involvement is probably due to the presence of autoantibodies in the orbital tissues, regardless of the control state of thyroid hormones in individuals with GD, even during euthyroid or hypothyroid states, which are associated with thyroid hormone treatment. In addition to the immunological role present in the pathophysiology of GO, the genetic component, proteins and cytokines, minerals (e.g., selenium), and environmental factors (e.g., smoking) also contribute to its development and occurrence of clinical manifestations in varying degrees. Until now, the interaction of causal, intermediary, and triggering factors of GO is still unclear, so the purpose of this article is to review literature on the theme.

关 键 词：OPHTHALMOPATHY GRAVES DISEASE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 

分 类 号：R5[医药卫生—内科学]