Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2012AA10A404);the Qingdao Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(No.Q51201403);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31302179,31172402);the 948 Project from the Ministry of Agriculture of China(No.2015-Z17);the Improved Agricultural Breeds Engineering Project of Shandong Province-the Taishan Scholar Program for seed industry "Multi-Tarits Selective Breeding of New Variety and Its Industrialization";the Fundamental Research Funds for the Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences(No.20603022013011)
Ammonia,toxic to aquaculture organisms,represents a potential problem in aquaculture systems,and the situation is exacerbated in closed and intensive shrimp farming operations,expecially for Litopenaeus vannamei.Asses...