supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51172009,51172013 and 11074020);Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(NCET-08-0029);Hong Kong Research Grants Council(RGC)General Research Funds(GRF)(CityU112510);City University of Hong Kong Strategic Research Grant(SRG)(7008009)
Although metal gate/high-k stacks are commonly used in metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors (MOSFETs) in the 45 nm technology node and beyond,there are still many challenges to be solved.Among the variou...